Reconciliation between Korea and Japan
Reconciliation between Korea and Japan
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韩日和解
DOI：
10.1093/chinesejil/jml005
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
J. Dyke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Dyke
尽管日本和韩国在1965年正式实现关系正常化，但这两个邻国仍然对彼此保持警惕，因为它们在20世纪上半叶有过一段尴尬的历史，当时日本吞并了朝鲜，并以多种方式压迫韩国人。韩国学者坚信，这种吞并行为是“非法的”，并且在发生时违反了国际法。日本学者倾向于承认日本对朝鲜的占领是残酷的，并造成了巨大的痛苦，但他们不愿意承认吞并是“非法的”，因为其他大国在那段时期也在吞并小国。美国支持1893年推翻夏威夷王国和1898年吞并夏威夷的行动可能有助于找到解决日韩僵局的适当办法。 1993年，美国国会通过联合决议，正式向夏威夷原住民道歉，并呼吁美国与夏威夷原住民实现“和解”。该决议承认美国对 1893 年推翻政权的外交和军事支持是“非法的”，并且违反了“国际法”。这一强有力的声明似乎是“跨时法”的应用，即国际法的现行观点适用于 1890 年代的事件，但无论如何，这是对错误发生的有力承认，所造成的伤害至今仍能感受到。美国与夏威夷原住民之间的和解进程正在进行中，要完成这一进程，需要恢复夏威夷原住民的主权，并向他们归还土地和资源。日本官员已向韩国人道歉，但只有在道歉的同时移交真正有价值的物品，两国之间才能完成和解。本文提出，向韩国慰安妇提供适当的赔偿以及日本放弃对独岛/竹岛（两国均声称拥有主权的小岛）的主权主张，可以有助于这两个邻国之间的和解正式化。
Although Japan and Korea formally normalized their relations in 1965, these neighbours remain wary of each other because of their awkward history during the first half of the twentieth century, when Japan annexed Korea and oppressed the Koreans in many ways. Korean scholars believe strongly that this annexation was ''illegal'' and that it constituted a violation of international law when it occurred. Japanese scholars tend to admit that the Japanese occupation of Korea was brutal and caused enormous suffering, but they are reluctant to acknowledge that the annexation was ''illegal'', because other great powers were annexing small countries during that period. The US action supporting the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 and annexing Hawaii in 1898 may be helpful in finding an appropriate resolution to the Japan-Korea standoff. In 1993, the US Congress enacted a joint resolution formally apologizing to the Native Hawaiian people and calling for a ''reconciliation'' between the United States and the Native Hawaiians. This resolution acknowledged that the US diplomatic and military support for the 1893 overthrow was ''illegal'' and was in violation of ''international law''. This strong statement seems to be an application of ''inter- temporal law'', whereby present views of international law are applied to the events of the 1890s, but, in any event, it is a powerful acknowledgment that a wrong occurred, causing injuries that can still be felt today. The reconciliation process between the United States and Native Hawaiians is now under way and, to be complete, it will require the restoration of the sovereignty of the Native Hawaiians and a return of land and resources to them. Japanese officials have offered apologies to the Koreans, but the reconciliation between the two countries can become complete only if these apologies are accompanied by a transfer of items of real value. This paper proposes that proper payments to the Korean comfort women and a renunciation by Japan of its claim to Dokdo/Takeshima (the tiny islands claimed by both countries) could serve to formalize the reconciliation between these two neighbours.