EVIDENCE OF LOCATION MEMORY IN 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS IN A NONSEARCH AB TASK
EVIDENCE OF LOCATION MEMORY IN 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS IN A NONSEARCH AB TASK
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.502
复制
发表时间：
1988-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
GRABER, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BAILLARGEON, R;GRABER, M
最近的研究表明，当一个物体被藏在A位置，然后又藏在B位置时，如果被迫等待3 S才能取回物体，8个月大的婴儿倾向于在A处寻找，而如果被迫等待6 S才能取回物体，8个月大的婴儿倾向于在A或B处随机寻找(例如，钻石，1985)。设计了一种非搜索方法来测试8个月大的S记住隐藏物体位置的能力。婴儿看到一个物体站在位于中线两侧的两个定位垫中的一个上。接下来，屏幕被推到地垫前面，将物体隐藏在视线之外。15岁的S过后，一只手伸到其中一个屏幕后面，再次出现，手里拿着这个物体。当婴儿的手从“错误的”屏幕后面取回物体时，而不是从“正确的”屏幕(物体实际上隐藏的地方)后面，婴儿看的时间会更长。这一结果表明，婴儿(A)记住了S在15-S延迟期间的位置，以及(B)当他们最后一次看到物体在左(右)位置垫上时，惊讶地看到从右(左)屏幕后面检索到的物体。这些结果表明，8个月大的婴儿记住隐藏物体的位置的能力远远好于他们在AB搜索任务中的表现。因此，目前的结果严重质疑了将婴儿的持久性和/或随机搜索错误归因于有限的记忆机制的说法。
Recent studies have shown that when an object is hidden in a location A and then in a location B, 8-month-old infants tend to search in A if forced to wait 3 s before retrieving the object, and to search randomly in A or B if forced to wait 6 s before retrieving the object (e.g., Diamond, 1985). A nonsearch method was devised to examine 8-month-old''s ability to remember the location of a hidden object. The infants saw an object standing on one of two placemats located on either side of the midline. Next, screens were pushed in front of the placemats, hiding the object from view. After 15 s, a hand reached behind one of the screens and reappeared holding the object. The infants looked reliably longer when the hand retrieved the object from behind the "wrong" as opposed to the "right" screen (where the object was actually hidden). This result suggests that the infants(a) remembered the object''s location during the 15-s delay and (b) were surprised to see the object retrieved from behind the right (left) screen when they had last seen it on the left (right) placemat. These results indicate that 8-month-old infants'' ability to remember the location of a hidden object is far better than their performance in the AB search task suggests. As such, the present results cast serious doubts on accounts that attribute infants'' perseverative and/or random search errors to limited memory mechanisms.