Solar radiation decreases parasitism in Daphnia
Solar radiation decreases parasitism in Daphnia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01707.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Caceres, Carla E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Overholt, Erin P.;Hall, Spencer R.;Caceres, Carla E.
气候变化和大气臭氧的变化正在影响到达生态系统的紫外线辐射强度。反过来，改变紫外线辐射制度可能会改变传染病的流行。这种可能性取决于宿主和寄生虫的流行病学相关性状对UVR的敏感性。我们解决这个问题，使用的浮游动物系统（浮游动物主机，水蚤dentifera，其有毒的真菌寄生虫，Metschnikowia bicuspidata）。对照实验室实验，加上在现场培养孢子，揭示了相当低水平的紫外线辐射（以及较长波长的光）急剧降低真菌孢子的感染性，但不影响宿主对感染的敏感性。寄生虫对太阳辐射的敏感性可能是湖泊调查模式的基础：太阳辐射对湖泊的渗透率较高，与秋季晚些时候开始的较小流行病相关（因为入射阳光下降）。因此，太阳辐射，通过减少寄生虫的传染性，可以有效地减少疾病。
Climate change and variation in atmospheric ozone are influencing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching ecosystems. Changing UVR regimes, in turn, may alter epidemics of infectious disease. This possibility hinges on the sensitivity of epidemiologically relevant traits of host and parasite to UVR. We address this issue using a planktonic system (a zooplankton host, Daphnia dentifera, and its virulent fungal parasite, Metschnikowia bicuspidata). Controlled laboratory experiments, coupled with in situ field incubations of spores, revealed that quite low levels of UVR (as well as longer wavelength light) sharply reduced the infectivity of fungal spores but did not affect host susceptibility to infection. The parasites sensitivity to solar radiation may underlie patterns in a lake survey: higher penetration of solar radiation into lakes correlated with smaller epidemics that started later in autumn (as incident sunlight declined). Thus, solar radiation, by diminishing infectivity of the parasite, may potently reduce disease.