Roles of Monkey Premotor Neuron Classes in Movement Preparation and Execution
Roles of Monkey Premotor Neuron Classes in Movement Preparation and Execution
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00231.2009
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Shenoy, Krishna V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufman, Matthew T.;Churchland, Mark M.;Shenoy, Krishna V.
Kaufman MT，Churchland MM，SanThanam G，Yu BM，Afshar A，Ryu SI，Shenoy KV。猴运动前神经元在动作准备和执行中的作用。《神经生理学杂志》104：799-810,2010。2010年6月10日首次出版；DOI：10.1152/jn.00231.2009。背侧运动前皮质(PMD)参与了伸展运动的计划和执行。然而，人们还不知道PMD计划活动--通常存在于运动时做出反应的同一个神经元--是如何阻止其本身产生运动的。我们研究了抑制性中间神经元是否可能通过在计划期间保持高水平的抑制和在执行期间减少抑制来“门”PMD的输出。最近发展的方法允许使用细胞外记录区分中间神经元和锥体神经元。我们将这些方法扩展到用于长期植入的多电极阵列。然后，我们将这些方法应用于PMD中的单电极和多电极记录，记录了两只执行延迟到达任务的猴子。假定的中间神经元的反应通常与它们作用于该区域的门控输出的假设不一致：特别是它不是这样的，中间神经元在运动时倾向于降低它们的放电率。事实上，在计划和运动时期，中间神经元比推测的锥体神经元更快地增加了它们的速率。这两类神经元在许多其他方面也不同，包括对中间神经元条件的更大调制，以及中间神经元在运动计划和执行过程中更频繁地表现出更高的放电率。这些发现为PMD中间神经元在运动计划和执行中的更大反应提供了新的信息，并表明我们可能需要考虑如何构建计划活动的新可能性，使其本身不产生运动。
Kaufman MT, Churchland MM, Santhanam G, Yu BM, Afshar A, Ryu SI, Shenoy KV. Roles of monkey premotor neuron classes in movement preparation and execution. J Neurophysiol 104: 799-810, 2010. First published June 10, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00231.2009. Dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is known to be involved in the planning and execution of reaching movements. However, it is not understood how PMd plan activity-often present in the very same neurons that respond during movement-is prevented from itself producing movement. We investigated whether inhibitory interneurons might "gate" output from PMd, by maintaining high levels of inhibition during planning and reducing inhibition during execution. Recently developed methods permit distinguishing interneurons from pyramidal neurons using extracellular recordings. We extend these methods here for use with chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays. We then applied these methods to single-and multi-electrode recordings in PMd of two monkeys performing delayed-reach tasks. Responses of putative interneurons were not generally in agreement with the hypothesis that they act to gate output from the area: in particular it was not the case that interneurons tended to reduce their firing rates around the time of movement. In fact, interneurons increased their rates more than putative pyramidal neurons during both the planning and movement epochs. The two classes of neurons also differed in a number of other ways, including greater modulation across conditions for interneurons, and interneurons more frequently exhibiting increases in firing rate during movement planning and execution. These findings provide novel information about the greater responsiveness of putative PMd interneurons in motor planning and execution and suggest that we may need to consider new possibilities for how planning activity is structured such that it does not itself produce movement.