Availability and distribution of environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students in the U.S.: a national study of spatial accessibility
Availability and distribution of environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students in the U.S.: a national study of spatial accessibility
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DOI：
10.1080/13504622.2023.2237706
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发表时间：
2023-07
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tyler L. Hemby;R. B. Powell;M. Stern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tyler L. Hemby;R. B. Powell;M. Stern
摘要针对美国青少年学生的单日环境教育实地考察项目的供应情况和分布情况如何？我们通过以下方法评估了美国5-8年级(10-14岁)学校对电子政务实地考察项目的空间可达性：(1)编制了一个包含2,930家提供实地考察项目的电子邮件提供商的综合国家数据库，(2)确定了所在的311所中学的地点、学生人数和相关人口统计信息，以及(3)使用高性能计算集群计算了学校和电子政务提供商地点之间的驾车时间。然后，我们使用综合浮动流域面积法来计算每所学校与EE实地考察提供商的相对空间访问量。结果表明，空间访问在空间上是高度聚集的，特别是在几个地理区域(沿海加利福尼亚州大都市区、南部落基山脉、肯塔基州北部、北卡罗来纳州、密歇根湖西岸，以及东北部高密度、连续的大都市区)。空间访问也与党派精益和城市化密切相关，更多的农村、白人和倾向于共和党的地区通常明显较少获得电子政务实地考察。
Abstract What is the availability and distribution of single-day environmental education field trip programs for adolescent students across the U.S.? We assessed the spatial accessibility to EE field trip programs for U.S. schools that serve grades 5-8 (ages 10-14) by (1) compiling a comprehensive national database of 2,930 EE providers that offer field trip programs, (2) identifying 89, 311 middle schools’ locations, student populations, and relevant demographic information, and (3) calculating drive times between schools and EE provider locations using a high-performance computing cluster. We then used the integrated Floating Catchment Area method to calculate each school’s relative spatial access to EE field trip providers. Results suggest that spatial access was highly spatially clustered, particularly around several geographic regions (coastal California metropolitan areas, the southern Rockies, northern Kentucky, North Carolina, the western shore of Lake Michigan, and the high-density, contiguous metropolitan areas of the Northeast). Spatial access was also strongly related to partisan lean and urbanity, with more rural, White, and Republican-leaning areas generally having significantly less spatial access to EE field trips.