Stratospheric Transport
Stratospheric Transport
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DOI：
10.2151/jmsj.80.793
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. A. Plumb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. A. Plumb
我们对平流层传输过程的了解有所提高，同时对平流层动力学的了解也有所提高，对平流层示踪剂的分布和相互关系的远程和现场观测也不断积累。把平流层分为四个区域是很合理的：夏季半球、热带、冬季中纬度“冲浪区”和冬季极涡。平流层输送主要由平均非绝热平流（在热带上升流，在冲浪区和涡流下降），特别是，由快速等熵搅拌冲浪区。这些特征决定了示踪剂在全球范围内的分布及其相互关系。尽管我们对这些过程的理解有了很大的提高，但许多化学传输模型在模拟平流层传输方面似乎仍然表现出明显的缺陷，这一点可以从它们倾向于低估平流层空气的年龄中得到证明。
Improvements in our understanding of transport processes in the stratosphere have progressed hand in hand with advances in understanding of stratospheric dynamics and with accumulating remote and in situ observations of the distributions of, and relationships between, stratospheric tracers. It is conve-nient to regard the stratosphere as being separated into four regions: the summer hemisphere, the tropics, the wintertime midlatitude ‘‘surf zone’’, and the winter polar vortex. Stratospheric transport is dominated by mean diabatic advection (upwelling in the tropics, downwelling in the surf zone and the vortex) and, especially, by rapid isentropic stirring within the surf zone. These characteristics determine the global-scale distributions of tracers, and their mutual relationships. Despite our much-improved understanding of these processes, many chemical transport models still appear to exhibit significant shortcomings in simulating stratospheric transport, as is evidenced by their tendency to underestimate the age of stratospheric air.