Late- and Post-Glacial history of the Mustelidae in Europe
Late- and Post-Glacial history of the Mustelidae in Europe
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欧洲鼬科的晚冰期和冰期后历史
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2907.2004.00043.x
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
N. Benecke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Sommer;N. Benecke
1.对欧洲鼬科动物亚化石记录的分析表明，在末次冰期最大冰期之后，中欧的时间和空间分布模式存在着具体的差异。
2.对于Meles meles、Martes martes和Mustela putorius（有一些保留），可以看出，在Weichselian最大冰期期间，这些种群被分离在几个冰川避难所。 相比之下，欧洲的Lutra lutra种群仅限于一个冰川避难所，直到现在还没有明确的定位。
3.除了已知的伊比利亚半岛、意大利半岛和巴尔干半岛的冰川避难所外，有证据表明，喀尔巴阡山脉附近、摩尔多瓦西部和北方庞蒂克地区可能还有白鼬类的冰川避难所。
[4]古洛古洛、雪貂和白鼬显示出在更新世条件下生存的适应性，但它们在历史上也分布在南欧较温暖的地区。
5.在更嗜热的鼬科物种中，鼬可能是最大冰川期后最早的移民。 Meles meles在早期就有记录，而且似乎对极端气候相对宽容。很明显，Martes martes已经在Allerod期间到达中欧，与桦树和松树的森林化有关。相比之下，Lutra lutra似乎是一个绝对的全新世移民。
1. Analyses of the subfossil records of mustelid species in Europe indicate specific differences in the pattern of temporal and spatial recolonization of central Europe after the maximum glaciation of the last glacial period.
2. For Meles meles, Martes martes and (with some reservations) Mustela putorius it can be seen that the populations were separated in several glacial refugia during the maximum glaciation of the Weichselian. In contrast, the European population of Lutra lutra was restricted to a single glacial refuge, which had not been clearly localized until now.
3. Besides the known glacial refugia of the Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula and the Balkans, there is evidence of possible additional glacial refugia for mustelids near the Carpathians, in western Moldova and in the northern Pontic region.
4. Gulo gulo, Mustela nivalis, and Mustela erminea show adaptations for survival in Pleistocene conditions, but they were historically also distributed in the warmer areas of southern Europe.
5. Among the more thermophilic mustelid species, Mustela putorius is likely to have been the earliest immigrant following the maximum glaciation. Meles meles has been recorded in comparably early times and also seems to be relatively tolerant of climatic extremes. It is clear that Martes martes had already arrived in central Europe during the Allerod, in connection with the recolonization by birch and pine woods. Lutra lutra, by contrast, seems to have been an absolute Holocene immigrant.