Innate cellular immunity and xenotransplantation.
Innate cellular immunity and xenotransplantation.
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先天细胞免疫和异种移植
DOI：
10.1097/mot.0b013e328350910c
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Yang YG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang H;Yang YG
本文综述了由先天免疫反应引起的异种移植物排斥反应的最新进展，重点介绍了先天细胞异种反应性。最近的发现目前的文献回顾了新的见解先天细胞免疫在异种移植排斥的作用。越来越多的证据证实，强烈的先天免疫细胞激活是由激活受体的异种抗原识别和抑制性受体-配体相互作用的不相容相结合造成的。尽管在猪异种移植后的非人灵长类动物中，先天体液和细胞异种免疫反应主要是由预先形成和诱导的异种反应性抗体引起的，但在没有抗体的情况下，先天免疫细胞也可以被异种移植激活。后一种不依赖抗体的反应可能在受者体内持续存在，即使适应性异种免疫反应被抑制。除了受体固有免疫细胞排斥异种移植物外，肝脏异种移植物内的吞噬细胞也通过引起血小板减少而对受体有害。克服先天免疫反应的策略是临床异种移植成功的必要条件。除了开发更好的免疫抑制和耐受性诱导方案外，努力进一步对猪源动物进行遗传修饰对于成功的临床异种移植至关重要。
Purpose of reviewThis review assesses the recent progress in xenograft rejection by innate immune responses, with a focus on innate cellular xenoreactivity. Recent findingsCurrent literature was reviewed for new insights into the role of innate cellular immunity in xenograft rejection. Increasing evidence confirms that vigorous innate immune cell activation is accounted for by a combination of xenoantigen recognition by activating receptors, and incompatibility in inhibitory receptor–ligand interactions. Although both innate humoral and cellular xenoimmune responses are predominantly elicited by preformed and induced xenoreactive antibodies in nonhuman primates following porcine xenotransplantation, innate immune cells can also be activated by xenografts in the absence of antibodies. The latter antibody-independent response will likely persist in recipients even when adaptive xenoimmune responses are suppressed. In addition to xenograft rejection by recipient innate immune cells, phagocytic cells within liver xenografts are also deleterious to recipients by causing thrombocytopenia. SummaryStrategies of overcoming innate immune responses are required for successful clinical xenotransplantation. In addition to developing better immunosuppressive and tolerance induction protocols, endeavors towards further genetic modifications of porcine source animals are ultimately important for successful clinical xenotransplantation.