Prolactin and the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the female.
Prolactin and the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the female.
复制标题
催乳素和女性促性腺激素分泌的控制。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. McNeilly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. McNeilly
本文综述了催乳素和促性腺激素释放之间的相互作用的文献。虽然多巴胺在控制促性腺激素分泌中的作用非常重要，但其他药物也参与催乳素分泌，如5-羟色胺、阿片受体激动剂和雌激素。在排卵前后，促黄体生成素（LH）激增，血清催乳素水平发生变化，这可能是由于排卵前雌激素分泌增加所致。催乳素水平的增加可能不直接参与排卵时LH和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的正常分泌。催乳素的升高可能只是反映了下丘脑多巴胺分泌的减少。泌乳期高水平的催乳素抑制促性腺激素分泌，导致闭经。哺乳期闭经可能与母乳喂养时的吸吮刺激或高泌乳素血症有关。似乎催乳素水平升高足以通过抑制LH和FSH分泌而引起无排卵。作者对高催乳素血症雄性成年大鼠进行了试验，并得出结论，高催乳素水平可能使下丘脑对性腺类固醇的负反馈效应敏感。需要进一步的研究来阐明与催乳素分泌相关的所有现象及其对LH和FSH分泌改变的影响。
This paper presents a review of the literature concerning the interaction between prolactin and gonadotropin release. Although the role of dopamine in the control of gonadotropin secretion is very important, other agents are involved in prolactin secretion, such as serotonin, opiate receptor agonists, and estrogens. Around the time of ovulation there is a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and changes in serum levels of prolactin, possibly due to an increase in estrogen secretion during the preovulatory period. The increase in prolactin level is probably not directly involved in normal secretion of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at ovulation. A rise in prolactin may simply reflect a decrease in hypothalmic secretion of dopamine. High levels of prolactin during lactation inhibit gonadotropin secretion and result in amenorrhea. Lactational amenorrhea may be dependent on the suckling stimulus experienced at breast feeding, or on hyperprolactinemia. It seems that elevated prolactin levels are sufficient to cause anovulation by inhibiting LH and FSH secretion. The author conducted tests on hyperprolactinemic male adult rats and concluded that high prolactin levels may sensitize the hypothalamus to the negative feedback effects of gonadal steroids. Further studies are needed to clarify all phenomena related to prolactin secretion and its effects on alterations of LH and FSH secretion.