Launching of hot gas outflow by disc-wide supernova explosions
Launching of hot gas outflow by disc-wide supernova explosions
复制标题
盘面超新星爆炸引发热气体流出
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
B. Nath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Vasiliev;Y. Shchekinov;B. Nath
Galactic gas outflows are driven by stellar feedback with dominant contribution from supernovae (SN) explosions. The question of whether the energy deposited by SNe initiates a large scale outflow or gas circulation on smaller scales -- between discs and intermediate haloes, depends on SN rate and their distribution in space and time. We consider here gas circulation by disc-wide unclustered SNe with galactic star formation rate in the range from {$simeq 6 imes 10^{-4}$ to $simeq 6 imes 10^{-2}~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$, corresponding to mid-to-high star formation observed in galaxies. We show that such disc-wide SN explosion regime can form circulation of warm ($Tsim 10^4$ K) and cold ($T 10^5$ K)} gas at higher ($z>1$ kpc) heights. We found that the threshold energy input rate for hot gas outflows with disc-wide supernovae explosions is estimated to be of the order $sim 4 imes 10^{-4}$~erg~s$^{-1}$~cm$^{-2}$. We discuss the observational manifestations of such phenomena in optical and X-ray bands. In particular, we found that for face-on galaxies with SF ($Sigma_{_{
m SF}}>0.02~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$), the line profiles of ions typical for warm gas show a double-peak shape, corresponding to out-of-plane outflows. In the X-ray bands, galaxies with high SF rates ($Sigma_{_{
m SF}}>0.006~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$) can be bright, with a smooth surface brightness in low-energy bands ($0.1hbox{--}0.3$~keV) and patchy at higher energies ($1.6hbox{--}8.3$~keV).}
Galactic gas outflows are driven by stellar feedback with dominant contribution from supernovae (SN) explosions. The question of whether the energy deposited by SNe initiates a large scale outflow or gas circulation on smaller scales -- between discs and intermediate haloes, depends on SN rate and their distribution in space and time. We consider here gas circulation by disc-wide unclustered SNe with galactic star formation rate in the range from {$simeq 6 imes 10^{-4}$ to $simeq 6 imes 10^{-2}~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$, corresponding to mid-to-high star formation observed in galaxies. We show that such disc-wide SN explosion regime can form circulation of warm ($Tsim 10^4$ K) and cold ($T 10^5$ K)} gas at higher ($z>1$ kpc) heights. We found that the threshold energy input rate for hot gas outflows with disc-wide supernovae explosions is estimated to be of the order $sim 4 imes 10^{-4}$~erg~s$^{-1}$~cm$^{-2}$. We discuss the observational manifestations of such phenomena in optical and X-ray bands. In particular, we found that for face-on galaxies with SF ($Sigma_{_{
m SF}}>0.02~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$), the line profiles of ions typical for warm gas show a double-peak shape, corresponding to out-of-plane outflows. In the X-ray bands, galaxies with high SF rates ($Sigma_{_{
m SF}}>0.006~M_odot$~yr$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-2}$) can be bright, with a smooth surface brightness in low-energy bands ($0.1hbox{--}0.3$~keV) and patchy at higher energies ($1.6hbox{--}8.3$~keV).}