Antiviral drugs in current clinical use
Antiviral drugs in current clinical use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcv.2004.02.009
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
De Clercq, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Clercq, E
目前用于病毒感染化疗的药物包括37种获得许可的抗病毒药物。对于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的治疗，19种化合物已被正式批准：（i）核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI）齐多夫定、去羟肌苷、扎西他滨、司他夫定、拉米夫定、阿巴卡韦和恩曲他滨;（ii）核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂（NtRTI）富马酸替诺福韦二异丙酯;（iii）非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI）奈韦拉平、地拉韦啶和依法韦仑;（iv）蛋白酶抑制剂沙奎那韦、利托那韦、茚地那韦、奈非那韦、安普那韦、洛匹那韦;（与利托那韦以4/1的比例组合）和阿扎那韦：以及病毒进入抑制剂恩夫韦肽。拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯已被批准用于治疗慢性B型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染。在抗疱疹病毒药物中，阿昔洛韦，伐昔洛韦，阿昔洛韦（局部使用时）、泛昔洛韦、碘尿苷和曲氟尿苷（均局部施用）以及溴夫定用于治疗单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和/或水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）感染;更昔洛韦，缬更昔洛韦，膦甲酸，西多福韦和福米韦生（后者在玻璃体内注射时）已被证明可用于治疗免疫抑制患者（即患有CMV视网膜炎的AIDS患者）中的巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染。继金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺之后，神经氨酸酶抑制剂扎那米韦和奥司他韦最近已可用于治疗（和预防）流感病毒感染。利巴韦林已被用于（局部，作为气雾剂）治疗呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染，利巴韦林与（聚乙二醇化）干扰素-α的组合治疗丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染已被越来越多的接受。(C)2004 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The current armamentarium for the chemotherapy of viral infections consists of 37 licensed antiviral drugs. For the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, (HIV) infections, 19 compounds have been formally approved: (i) the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine; (ii) the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; (iii) the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz; (iv) the protease inhibitors saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir (combined with ritonavir at a 4/1 ratio) and atazanavir: and the viral entry inhibitor enfuvirtide. For the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, lamivudine as well as adefovir dipivoxil have been approved. Among the anti-herpesvirus agents, acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir (when applied topically), famciclovir, idoxuridine and trifluridine (both applied topically) as well as brivudin are used in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and/or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections; and ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir and fomivirsen (the latter upon intravitreal injection) have proven useful in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunosuppressed patients (i.e. AIDS patients with CMV retinitis). Following amantadine and rimantadine, the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir have recently become available for the therapy (and prophylaxis) of influenza virus infections. Ribavirin has been used (topically, as aerosol) in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, and the combination of ribavirin with (pegylated) interferon-alpha has received increased acceptance for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.