Tergipes tergipes (Forskal, 1775) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) is an amphiatlantic species
Tergipes tergipes (Forskal, 1775) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) is an amphiatlantic species
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DOI：
10.1093/mollus/eyu015
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Lucas Cervera, Juan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camara, Samantha;Carmona, Leila;Lucas Cervera, Juan
大西洋中近13%的“蛇科”腹足类动物被认为是跨大西洋分布的（Garcıa & Bertsch, 2009）。这种主要基于形态解剖相似性的假设，很少在分子系统发育框架内进行测试。在过去的十年中，分子方法经常表明，世界或广泛分布的异枝“物种”由多个谱系的分类复合物组成（Malaquias & Reid, 2008, 2009； Carmona等人，2011,2014 4a, b； Jorger等人，2012；Ornelas-Gatdula等人，2012；Pola等人，2012；Krug等人，2013）。目前，风固体属Tergipes Cuvier， 1805包含6种（Bouchet & Gofas, 2013）： T. antarcticus Pelseneer, 1903；T. brochi Risso, 1818；T. dicquemari Risso, 1818；爱德华·诺德曼，1844；T. tergipes （Forskal, 1775）和T. valentini （Elliot, 1907）。然而，Risso（1818）描述的这两个物种在过去的一个世纪里没有遇到过。关于T. valentini，这个物种被Schrodl（2003）转移到Cuthona，因为它每行有不止一个幼虫。然而，这种重新分配被后来的研究人员忽略了（如Valdes et al., 2012）。Tergipes Tergipes被认为是两大西洋北方物种（Franz, 1970; Thompson & Brown, 1984; Templado et ., 1987; Bleakney, 1996）。据报道，从冰岛（Lemche, 1938; Platts, 1985）到伊比利亚半岛南部，包括瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、不列颠群岛和法国大西洋沿岸（Schmekel & Portmann, 1982; Thompson & Brown, 1984; Cervera et al., 2004）。Schmekel & Portman（1982）、Betti（2011）和Martynov & Korshunova（2011）分别报道了地中海、亚得里亚海、巴伦支海和黑海的T. tergipes标本。本种在西大西洋的分布范围从纽芬兰（加拿大）到新泽西（美国）（Bleakney, 1996）。此外，在巴西也曾报道过一种T. tergipes标本（Marcus, 1957）。虽然该物种的跨大西洋分布已被普遍接受，但Bleakney（1996）对大西洋两岸种群的同一性表示怀疑。本研究采用分子系统发育的方法，对大西洋东西岸线的三形舌蝗种群是同种的假设进行了验证。样本通过水肺潜水和标准的异枝取样技术采集，并从美国旧金山加利福尼亚科学院（CASIZ）、西班牙马德里国家自然科学博物馆（MNCN）和莫斯科国立大学动物博物馆（ZMMU）等几个博物馆的湿标本中获得。研究了19份三叶草标本。从GenBank中获得34个额外的序列（完整的样本、地点和凭证列表见表1），其中包括1个南极T.。Tritonia challengeriana Bergh， 1884被选为一个遥远的外群，因为它在Cladobranchia中的基础系统发育位置（Pola & Gosliner, 2010）。从足部提取了组织样本。COI、16S rRNA和H3部分基因的提取、扩增、纯化和测序采用Carmona et al.（2013, 2014b）的方法。序列反应在3730XL DNA测序仪（Applied Biosystems）上进行。序列通过正向和反向比较验证，并已存入GenBank（表1）。使用geneuspro v. 4.7对序列进行组装和编辑。6 (Drummond et al., 2009)，在MAFFT中对齐（Katoh et al., 2009），并使用…
Nearly 13% of ‘opisthobranch’gastropods in the Atlantic Ocean are believed to show amphiatlantic distributions (Garcıa & Bertsch, 2009). This assumption, which has been based mainly on morpho-anatomical similarities, has rarely been tested within a molecular phylogenetic framework. During the past decade, molecular methods have frequently shown that cosmopolitan or widely distributed heterobranch ‘species’ consist of taxonomic complexes of multiple linages (Malaquias & Reid, 2008, 2009; Carmona et al., 2011, 2014a, b; Jorger et al., 2012; Ornelas-Gatdula et al., 2012; Pola et al., 2012; Krug et al., 2013). At present, the aeolid genus Tergipes Cuvier, 1805 contains six species (Bouchet & Gofas, 2013): T. antarcticus Pelseneer, 1903; T. brochi Risso, 1818; T. dicquemari Risso, 1818; T. edwardsii Nordmann, 1844; T. tergipes (Forskal, 1775) and T. valentini (Elliot, 1907). However, the two species described by Risso (1818) have not been encountered in the past century. Regarding T. valentini, this species was transferred to Cuthona by Schrodl (2003) because it has more than a single ceras per row. However, this reassignment has been overlooked by later researchers (eg Valdes et al., 2012). Tergipes tergipes is regarded as an amphiatlantic boreal species (Franz, 1970; Thompson & Brown, 1984; Templado et al., 1987; Bleakney, 1996). It has been reported from Iceland (Lemche, 1938; Platts, 1985) to the southern Iberian Peninsula, including Sweden, Denmark, The Netherlands, the British Isles and Atlantic coast of France (Schmekel & Portmann, 1982; Thompson & Brown, 1984; Cervera et al., 2004). Schmekel & Portman (1982), Betti (2011) and Martynov & Korshunova (2011) reported specimens of T. tergipes from the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and the Barents and the Black Seas respectively. The western Atlantic distribution of this species ranges from Newfoundland (Canada) to New Jersey (USA)(Bleakney, 1996). In addition, a single specimen of T. tergipes has been reported from Brazil (Marcus, 1957). Although the amphiatlantic distribution of this species has been generally accepted, Bleakney (1996) expressed doubt about the conspecificity of populations on either side of the Atlantic. In this study we use molecular phylogenetic methods to test the hypothesis that the populations of T. tergipes on the eastern and western coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean are conspecific. Samples were collected by SCUBA diving with standard sampling techniques for heterobranchs and obtained from wet collections housed at several museums, namely California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA (CASIZ), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (MNCN) and Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (ZMMU). Nineteen specimens of T. tergipes were studied. Thirty-four additional sequences were obtained from GenBank (see Table 1 for full list of samples, localities and vouchers), including one sequence of T. antarcticus. Tritonia challengeriana Bergh, 1884 was chosen as a distant outgroup because of its basal phylogenetic position within Cladobranchia (Pola & Gosliner, 2010). Tissue samples were taken from the foot. Extraction, amplification, purification and sequencing of portions of the COI, 16S rRNA and H3 genes followed the methods of Carmona et al.(2013, 2014b). Sequence reactions were run on a 3730XL DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Sequences were verified by forward and reverse comparisons and have been deposited in GenBank (Table 1). Sequences were assembled and edited with Geneious Pro v. 4.7. 6 (Drummond et al., 2009), aligned in MAFFT (Katoh et al., 2009) and further checked using …