Infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus: an animal model for neuro-AIDS.
Infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus: an animal model for neuro-AIDS.
复制标题
猕猴感染猿猴免疫缺陷病毒：神经艾滋病动物模型。
作者：
H. Petry;W. Lüke
由于艾滋病在全球范围内的流行，HIV-1已成为中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的主要因素。已经描述了由HIV-1引起的CNS的两种主要疾病，脑膜脑炎，其在感染后早期发生在30-50%的患者中，以及AIDS痴呆综合征（ADC，也称为HIV相关痴呆），其特征在于主要是皮质下痴呆。这些临床综合征的病理生理学仍然是一个谜。然而，由于单核细胞/巨噬细胞可能代表CNS中病毒复制的主要场所，因此HIV-1向脑中的血源性侵入可能对ADC的神经发病机制至关重要。研究神经艾滋病最有价值的动物模型之一是猕猴感染猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）。在约50%的感染艾滋病样疾病的恒河猴中，观察到与男性ADC相似的神经病理学病变。这种动物模型有助于我们理解病毒感染后早期神经侵袭的机制和神经系统疾病的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将总结最先进的技术，并将重点放在进一步的问题有关的神经发病机制的HIV/SIV。
Due to the worldwide AIDS pandemic, HIV-1 has become the major factor for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Two major disorders of the CNS caused by HIV-1 have been described, a meningoencephalitis which occurs in 30-50% of patients early after infection and the AIDS dementia complex (ADC, also known as HIV-associated dementia) which is characterized by a predominantly subcortical dementia. The pathophysiology of these clinical syndromes still remains an enigma. However, since monocytes/macrophages may represent the major place of virus replication in the CNS, a hematogenous invasion of HIV-1 into the brain may be crucial to the neuropathogenesis of ADC. One of the most valuable animal models for the study of neuro-AIDS is the infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In about 50% of infected rhesus monkeys with an AIDS-like disease, neuropathological lesions similar to ADC in men have been observed. This animal model contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of viral neuroinvasion early after infection and in the development of neurological disease. In this review we will summarize the state of the art and will focus on further questions concerning the neuropathogenesis of HIV/SIV.