Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent response
Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent response
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.38.3.352
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Amso, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diamond, A;Kirkham, N;Amso, D
在昼夜任务中，需要将“白天”记忆为太阳的图片，而将“白天”记忆为月亮的图片。在对儿童无法完成这项任务的调查中，阿克对96名儿童进行了系统的实验。一半4岁，一半4岁半。训练孩子们将这两条规则分成“我说相反”的策略，从而减少记忆负荷，对他们的表现没有帮助。通过指导他们说“狗”和“猪”（而不是“夜”和“日”）来减少抑制性需求是有帮助的，尽管仍然需要记住2条规则和抑制性说出所代表的图片。这里被激活的反应和被抑制的反应是没有关系的。当正确的反应在语义上与被抑制的反应相关，并与之完全相反时。孩子们表现不佳。在刺激和反应之间插入一个延迟是有帮助的，即使这个延迟充满了分心。小孩子显然需要几秒钟来计算这个问题的答案。他们通常不会花时间；当被迫这样做的时候。他们做得很好。
The day-night task requires saving to a picture of the sun and "day" to a picture of the moon, In this investigation of why young children fail at this task, systematic variations of the task Acre administered to 96 children. half 4 years old and half 4 1/2 years old. Training children on the strategy of chunking the 2 rules into I "say the opposite"), thus reducing memory load, did not help their performance. What helped was reducing the inhibitory demand by instructing them to say "dog" and "pig" (not "night" and "day") even though memory of 2 rules and inhibiting saying whit the pictures represented were still required. Here the response to be activated and the response to be inhibited Acre unrelated. When the correct response was semantically related to, and the direct opposite of, the to-be-inhibited response. children performed poorly. Inserting a delay between stimulus and response helped even though that delay was filled with distraction. Young children apparently need several seconds to compute the answer on this task. Often they do not take the needed time; when forced to do so. they do well.