The Maize and Sorghum Stalkborer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), in Peasant Agriculture in Tanganyika Territory
The Maize and Sorghum Stalkborer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), in Peasant Agriculture in Tanganyika Territory
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坦噶尼喀地区农民农业中的玉米和高粱螟虫 Busseola fusca (Fuller)
DOI：
10.1017/s0007485300002832
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发表时间：
1957
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Swaine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Swaine
烟粉虱Busseola fusca(Fuller)是坦噶尼喀山玉米和高粱的一种严重害虫，主要发生在海拔4000英尺的地方。一遍又一遍。描述了关于幼虫生活史和滞育的实验室工作。滞育是通过接触水来终止的。在西部省份恩泽加的实地工作表明，在降雨开始后两到三周内进行的第一次播种可能会受到第一代幼虫的严重攻击。这些是由雨水诱导的蒲式耳成虫飞行的后代，来自上一季留在田里的玉米和高粱中的滞育幼虫，当茎被雨水浸湿时，幼虫被诱导化蛹。主要作物季节为11月至6月/7月，世代数为两代。第三代发生在6月/7月以后生产的高粱分蘖上。还没有找到可与玉米和高粱相媲美的替代寄主。在农民农业中，通过焚烧收获后留在田里的作物残留物以消灭滞育幼虫的养殖控制是不可行的，因为这些残留物需要用于围栏、建造等高线围栏以及在旱季放牧牛和山羊。用2.5%的粉尘可化学防治玉米幼虫的第一代丛枝病。滴滴涕进入植物的漏斗。在姆贝亚的13块农民自有土地上进行了试验，其中一块含有2.5%的灰尘.滴滴涕每周施药四次，从发芽后约18天开始，每周施药10磅。百株玉米穗平均重由12.46 kg增加到22.82 kg，平均增加83.1%±19.0%。文中还讨论了影响产量的因素，认为只有在土壤肥沃、种植早、雨量分布充分的情况下，才有必要采取控制措施。
Busseola fusca (Fuller) is a serious pest of maize and sorghum in Tanganyika where it occurs mainly at altitudes of 4,000 ft. and over. Laboratory work on the life-cycle and on the diapause of the larva is described. Diapause is terminated by contact with water. Field work at Nzega, Western Province, indicates that the first sowings, made within two to three weeks of the beginning of the rains, are likely to be heavily attacked by larvae of the first generation. These are the progeny of a “raininduced” flight of adults of Busseola derived from diapause larvae in the maize and sorghum left in the fields from the previous season, the larvae being induced to pupate when the stems are wetted by rain. The number of generations in the main crop season, November–June/July, is two. A third generation occurs in sorghum tillers produced after June/July. No alternate hosts of importance comparable with maize and sorghum have been found. Cultural control by burning the crop residues left in the field after harvest, in order to destroy the diapause larvae, is not practicable in peasant agriculture as these residues are required for such purposes as palisading, building of contour banks and for grazing cattle and goats during the dry season. Chemical control of the first generation of Busseola in young maize can be achieved by the application of a dust containing 2·5 per cent. DDT into the funnel of the plant. In 13 experiments on peasant-owned plots at Mbeya, in which a dust containing 2·5 per cent. DDT was applied four times, at weekly intervals, beginning about 18 days after germination, and at the rate of 10 lb. per acre, the average weight of maize cobs from 100 plants was increased from 12·46 to 22·82 kg., an increase of 83·1±19·0 per cent. Factors other than Busseola which affect the yield are discussed and it is suggested that control measures would probably be worthwhile only where a combination of a suitably fertile soil, early planting and adequately distributed rainfall obtains.