Developmental and familial predictors of adult cognitive traits in the European starling.
Developmental and familial predictors of adult cognitive traits in the European starling.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Bateson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nettle D;Andrews CP;Monaghan P;Brilot BO;Bedford T;Gillespie R;Bateson M
在鸟类中，有证据表明成年认知特征既可以在家庭中遗传，也可以受到早期发育的影响。然而，不同的研究使用不同的认知任务，这些任务可能无法测量相同的特征，并且也关注不同的发展因素。我们报告了一项研究的结果，在该研究中，我们对 34 只欧洲椋鸟 (Sturnus vulgaris) 进行了多项认知任务（自我塑造、辨别学习、逆转学习、渐进比例计划、灭绝学习和冲动），对此有几种早期发育测量可用。该群体由分开或一起抚养的兄弟姐妹组成，他们在抚养后代的大小等级中的位置是经过实验操纵的。我们研究了不同的认知测量如何共变、它们在家庭中的运行程度以及哪些发展因素预测了哪些认知结果。我们发现辨别力和逆转学习速度呈正相关，渐进比例表上的断点和对灭绝的抵抗力也是如此。除此之外，认知测量是不相关的，这表明它们反映了不同的潜在特征。除了歧视和逆向学习速度之外，所有特征都在很大程度上在家庭中存在。使用模型选择方法，我们发现证据表明，出生雏鸟大小和发育端粒损耗（鸟类红细胞端粒在生命早期缩短的程度，发育压力的综合测量）与几种成年认知测量相关。结果讨论了测量鸟类认知能力的最佳方法，以及发育端粒磨损作为成年结果预测因子的实用性。鸟类的认知可能受到家族和发育因素的影响。我们对来自 8 个家庭的 34 只交叉饲养的椋鸟进行了认知任务。除了两项学习指标和两项毅力指标外，其他任务均不相关。大多数任务的表现都是由家庭决定的。产仔大小和早期端粒丢失与认知有关。
In birds, there is evidence that adult cognitive traits can both run in families and be affected by early developmental influences. However, different studies use different cognitive tasks, which may not be measuring the same traits, and also focus on different developmental factors. We report results from a study in which we administered multiple cognitive tasks (autoshaping, discrimination learning, reversal learning, progressive ratio schedule, extinction learning and impulsivity) to a cohort of 34 European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, for which several early developmental measures were available. The cohort consisted of siblings raised either apart or together, whose position in the size hierarchy of the rearing brood had been experimentally manipulated. We examined how the different cognitive measures covaried, the extent to which they ran in families, and which of the developmental factors predicted which of the cognitive outcomes. We found that discrimination and reversal learning speeds were positively correlated, as were breakpoint on the progressive ratio schedule and resistance to extinction. Otherwise, the cognitive measures were uncorrelated, suggesting that they reflected different underlying traits. All traits except discrimination and reversal learning speed ran in families to a substantial extent. Using a model selection approach, we found evidence that natal brood size and developmental telomere attrition (the extent to which the birds' erythrocyte telomeres shortened in early life, an integrative measure of developmental stress) were related to several adult cognitive measures. Results are discussed with respect to the best way of measuring avian cognitive abilities, and the utility of developmental telomere attrition as a predictor of adult outcomes. Cognition in birds may be influenced by familial and developmental factors. We administered cognitive tasks to 34 cross-fostered starlings from eight families. Tasks were uncorrelated, except for two measures of learning and two of persistence. Performance on most tasks ran in families. Natal brood size and early life telomere loss were associated with cognition.