Advancing cyber diplomacy in the Asia Pacific: Japan and Australia
Advancing cyber diplomacy in the Asia Pacific: Japan and Australia
复制标题
推进亚太地区网络外交：日本和澳大利亚
DOI：
10.1080/10357718.2021.1926423
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
M. Manantan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Manantan
摘要网络领域的稳定性在几条战线上迅速恶化，其特征是网络攻击日益复杂，对全球互联网治理的共识不断下降，大国竞争加剧。这些挑战是民族国家重新调整主流网络外交接触的关键转折点。本文探讨了威慑在亚太地区网络外交实践中日益凸显的问题。该报告以日本和澳大利亚为案例，认为这两个国家继续坚持网络外交的概念性原则，然而，在实践中，威慑--网络能力以及公开的归属/命名和羞辱--在不同程度和强度上日益融合。本文试图做出两个重要贡献：第一，通过挑战现有文献关于威慑应用有限的观点--以冷战类比为基础--以及将网络攻击归因于不可信的观点，重振现有的网络外交框架。其次，基于经验证据对日本和澳大利亚的网络外交进行评价。关键发现表明，威慑加强/补充了网络外交剧本中存在的基本要素。虽然存在微小的差异，但日本和澳大利亚之间有强烈的默许，同意扩大现有的网络合作，以解决关键和新兴技术、供应链和数据治理问题。
ABSTRACT The stability in the cyber domain is rapidly deteriorating on several fronts marked by increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, declining consensus on global internet governance and intensifying great power competition. These challenges were critical turning points among nation-states to recalibrate prevailing cyber diplomatic engagements. This article investigates the increasing prominence of deterrence in the practice of cyber diplomacy in the Asia Pacific. Using Japan and Australia as case studies, it argues that both states continue to adhere to the conceptual tenets of cyber diplomacy, however, in practice, there is a growing integration of deterrence—cyber capabilities and public attribution/naming and shaming—in the equation at varying degrees and intensities. The article endeavours to make two important contributions: First, revitalize the existing cyber diplomacy framework by challenging the extant literature’s view of deterrence’s limited application—underpinned by cold war analogies—and the implausibility of conducting attribution of cyberattacks. Secondly, evaluate Japan and Australia’s cyber diplomacy based on empirical evidence. Key findings suggest that deterrence reinforces/complements the fundamental elements present in the cyber diplomacy playbook. While slight variation exists, there is a strong acquiescence between Japan and Australia to expand existing cyber cooperation to tackle critical and emerging technologies, supply chain, and data governance.