Marine microorganisms as amber inclusions: insights from coastal forests of New Caledonia
Marine microorganisms as amber inclusions: insights from coastal forests of New Caledonia
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DOI：
10.5194/fr-21-213-2018
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
A. Schmidt;Dennis Grabow;C. Beimforde;V. Perrichot;J. Rikkinen;S. Saint Martin;V. Thiel;L. Seyfullah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Schmidt;Dennis Grabow;C. Beimforde;V. Perrichot;J. Rikkinen;S. Saint Martin;V. Thiel;L. Seyfullah
抽象。琥珀中捕获的海洋微生物在化石记录中极为罕见，迄今为止发现的少数几个包裹体来自法国白垩纪琥珀的极少数碎片。海洋宏观包裹体也非常罕见，最近在白垩纪缅甸琥珀和早中新世墨西哥琥珀中描述过。而沿海设置的琥珀源森林一般提出，不同的方案已被建议解释这些海洋包裹体如何可以成为被困在陆地起源的树脂。这些情景包括海洋生物的引入（一）通过涨潮，（二）风暴导致的沿岸的/河口森林地面的洪水，（三）在红树林类型的设置中落入海中的树脂，或（四）风和海浪。我们调查的可能性，风驱动的引进海洋微生物到树树脂使用现代沿海针叶林的高度干燥库克松（南洋杉）在新喀里多尼亚的白垩纪琥珀森林从法国作为一个模型。通过暴露新鲜的树脂表面上的向海侧的树木和旧的原位树脂的收集，我们证实，海洋微生物可以成为被困在海上暴露的树脂，沿着与残留的陆地生物，和盐晶体。我们认为，在琥珀存款中只发现少数海洋包裹体的情况下，风成背景沉积的起源是可行的。然而，可能需要一个更有活力但可能仍然存在的风成事件来解释法国白垩纪琥珀碎片中嵌入的大量海洋微生物。
Abstract. Marine microorganisms trapped in amber are extremely rare in the fossil record, and the few existing inclusions recovered so far originate from very few pieces of Cretaceous amber from France. Marine macroscopic inclusions are also very rare and were recently described from Cretaceous Burmese amber and Early Miocene Mexican amber. Whereas a coastal setting for the amber source forests is generally proposed, different scenarios have been suggested to explain how these marine inclusions can become trapped in a resin of terrestrial origin. These scenarios include an introduction of marine organisms (i) through high tides, (ii) from storms and resulting in flooding of the littoral/estuarine forest floor, (iii) in resin dropped into the sea in mangrove-type settings, or (iv) by wind and sea spray. We investigated the possibility of a wind-driven introduction of marine microorganisms into tree resins using modern coastal conifer forests with the highly resinous Cook pine (Araucaria columnaris) in New Caledonia as a model for the Cretaceous amber forests from France. By exposing fresh resin surfaces on the seaward side of the trees and the collection of older in situ resins, we confirmed that marine microorganisms can become trapped on sea-exposed resin, along with remnants from terrestrial organisms, and salt crystals. We suggest that, for cases where only a few marine inclusions are discovered in an amber deposit, an origin from aeolian background deposition is feasible. However, a more energetic but possibly still aeolian event is likely needed to explain the high numbers of marine microorganisms embedded in pieces of Cretaceous amber from France.