The Development of Sex Differences in Nonverbal Signals: Fallacies, Facts, and Fantasies
The Development of Sex Differences in Nonverbal Signals: Fallacies, Facts, and Fantasies
复制标题
非语言信号中性别差异的发展：谬误、事实和幻想
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Malatesta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeannette Haviland;C. Malatesta
当一个小女孩受到同龄人和玩伴轻蔑的目光时，一名幼儿园老师将她带到了心理学家的注意。 “他们为什么这样看她？”老师问道。 “她很有吸引力，很聪明，她想和其他孩子一起玩。”心理学家看着孩子。 “什么小姑娘？”她问道。 “那是个男孩。”心理学家错了，这就是问题所在。这个4岁的女孩有着男孩般的下眉骨、较小的嘴巴和男孩的手势。她不常微笑；她斜着站着，做出了宽阔的手势。她进行着打闹的游戏。她还养过洋娃娃，并很早就开始学习读书。幼儿园里的孩子们不知道该怎么看待她。大人们说：“那边的好孩子有些奇怪，但我也说不上来。”最后一句话总结了我们对非语言行为的研究。我们正在把注意力放在人们很少用言语表达的重要事情上——区分和识别性别的几乎无意识的手势。
A nursery school teacher brought a little girl to a psychologist’s attention when the girl was being made the focus of contemptuous looks by her peers and playmates. “Why do they look at her that way?” asked the teacher. “She’s attractive and bright and she wants to play with the other children.” The psychologist looked over at the child. “What little girl?” she asked. “That’s a boy.” The psychologist was wrong and that was the problem. This 4-year-old girl had the lower brow ridge of a boy, the smaller mouth and the gestures of a boy. She did not often smile; she stood obliquely and she gestured expansively. She engaged in rough-and-tumble play. She also nurtured dolls and was learning to read early. The children in playschool did not know what to make of her. The adults said, “There’s something strange about the nice child over there, but I can’t quite put my finger on it.” That last sentence sums up what our research in nonverbal behavior is all about. We are putting our fingers on the important things that people have few words for—the barely conscious gestures that separate and identify the sexes.