The impact of scarcity and plenty on population change in England 1541-1871
The impact of scarcity and plenty on population change in England 1541-1871
复制标题
1541-1871 年英格兰人口变化的稀缺和丰富的影响
DOI：
10.2307/203704
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
R. Schofield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Schofield
马尔萨斯的人口和其经济环境之间的长期动态关系的特征的有效性进行了测试，使用一个长期的出生，死亡和婚姻的英国1541年和1871年之间的一系列。这些数据是由箭牌和斯科菲尔德从教区记录中得出的。作者得出结论，“积极的检查在早期就出现了，因为死亡率对稀缺和丰富的短期波动做出了反应。但随着农业和营销方式的改进，它逐渐减弱，然后消失了。然而，也有人指出，“从长远来看，没有什么积极的抑制作用，因为死亡率未能对生活水平的长期趋势作出一致的反应。这种预防性的抑制作用更为明显：事实上，婚姻对长期和短期的稀缺和丰富变化的反应是前工业化时期英国人口制度的一个主要特征。“（节录）
The validity of Malthuss characterization of the long-run dynamic relationship between a population and its economic environment is tested using a long-term series of births deaths and marriages for England between 1541 and 1871. The data were derived by Wrigley and Schofield from parish records. The author concludes that "the positive check was present at an early date as mortality responded to short-run fluctuations in scarcity and plenty. But it attenuated and then disappeared as methods of farming and marketing improved." However it is also noted that "there is little sign of the positive check operating in the long run since mortality failed to respond consistently to secular trends in the standard of living. The preventive check was far more in evidence: indeed the responsiveness of nuptiality to changes in scarcity and plenty in both the long and the short run was a dominant feature of the pre-industrial English demographic regime." (EXCERPT)