Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes
Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes
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DOI：
10.1038/nature15374
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发表时间：
2015-10-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Eisenhauer, Nico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isbell, Forest;Craven, Dylan;Eisenhauer, Nico
目前尚不清楚生物多样性是否能缓冲生态系统对极端气候的影响，这种极端气候在世界范围内越来越频繁。早期的研究结果表明，不同草原植物群落的生态系统生产力更具抵抗力，在干旱期间变化较小，干旱后更具弹性，恢复更快，比荒漠化群落（2）。然而，随后的实验测试产生了混合的结果（3-13）。在这里，我们使用了46个实验的数据，这些实验操纵了草原植物多样性，以测试生物多样性是否在气候事件期间和之后提供了抵抗力。我们发现，生物多样性增加了生态系统对各种气候事件的抵抗力，包括潮湿或干燥，中度或极端，以及短暂或长期的事件。在所有的研究和气候事件中，在气候事件期间，具有一个或两个物种的低多样性群落的生产力变化了大约50%，而具有16-32个物种的高多样性群落的生产力更具抵抗力，变化仅约25%。在每次气候事件发生后一年，生态系统生产力往往完全恢复，或超过高多样性和低多样性社区的正常生产力水平，导致生态系统恢复力对生物多样性的依赖性不可察觉。我们的研究结果表明，生物多样性主要通过增加对气候事件的抵抗力来稳定生态系统生产力和生产力依赖的生态系统服务。因此，导致生物多样性丧失的人为环境变化似乎可能会降低生态系统的稳定性（14），生物多样性的恢复可能会增加生态系统的稳定性，主要是通过改变生态系统生产力对气候事件的抵抗力。
It remains unclear whether biodiversity buffers ecosystems against climate extremes, which are becoming increasingly frequent worldwide(1). Early results suggested that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing less during drought, and more resilient, recovering more quickly after drought, than that of depauperate communities(2). However, subsequent experimental tests produced mixed results(3-13). Here we use data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity provides resistance during and resilience after climate events. We show that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance for a broad range of climate events, including wet or dry, moderate or extreme, and brief or prolonged events. Across all studies and climate events, the productivity of low-diversity communities with one or two species changed by approximately 50% during climate events, whereas that of high-diversity communities with 16-32 species was more resistant, changing by only approximately 25%. By a year after each climate event, ecosystem productivity had often fully recovered, or overshot, normal levels of productivity in both high-and low-diversity communities, leading to no detectable dependence of ecosystem resilience on biodiversity. Our results suggest that biodiversity mainly stabilizes ecosystem productivity, and productivity-dependent ecosystem services, by increasing resistance to climate events. Anthropogenic environmental changes that drive biodiversity loss thus seem likely to decrease ecosystem stability(14), and restoration of biodiversity to increase it, mainly by changing the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate events.