'I trap her with a CD, then tomorrow find her with a big old man who bought her a smart phone'. Constructions of masculinities and transactional sex: a qualitative study from North-Western Tanzania
'I trap her with a CD, then tomorrow find her with a big old man who bought her a smart phone'. Constructions of masculinities and transactional sex: a qualitative study from North-Western Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1080/13691058.2020.1832259
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发表时间：
2020-10-23
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Buller, Ana Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard-Merrill, Lottie;Wamoyi, Joyce;Buller, Ana Maria
男性在交易性行为中的作用相对较少，限制了防止剥削性交易性行为及其对女孩和妇女的负面健康影响的举措。2015年，我们通过对坦桑尼亚14-49岁的男孩和男子进行了8次焦点小组讨论和20次深入采访，解决了这一文学鸿沟。我们采用了一种新的理论观点--性别、男性气概和社会规范--来理解交易性参与如何有助于延续性别等级制度，以及参考群体如何影响男性的行为。研究结果表明，男性在交易性行为中表现出两种性别规范：对男性在性关系中提供的期望，以及对男性应该表现出更高的性欲和性能力的期望。在交易性性关系中对这些期望的坚持在年长和年轻的男子之间有所不同，并在男子之间以及男子与妇女和女孩之间创造了等级制度。我们发现，对交易性行为的批准是有争议的。尽管年轻男性可能会反对交易性行为，但他们在结构上处于比老年男性更弱的地位。调查结果表明，干预措施应采用性别同步和性别变革的方法，并应优先促进替代的积极规范，而不是防止在人际关系中交换礼物或金钱。
Men's role in transactional sex is relatively unexplored, limiting initiatives to prevent exploitative transactional sex and its negative health implications for girls and women. We addressed this literature gap by conducting eight focus group discussions and twenty in-depth-interviews with boys and men aged 14 - 49 years in 2015 in Tanzania. We employed a novel combination of theoretical perspectives - gender and masculinities, and social norms - to understand how transactional sex participation contributes to perpetuating gendered hierarchies, and how reference groups influence men's behaviour. Findings signal two gender norms that men display within transactional sex: the expectation of men's provision in sexual relationships, and the expectation that men should exhibit heightened sexuality and sexual prowess. Adherence to these expectations in transactional sex relationships varied between older and younger men and created hierarchies among men and between men and women and girls. We found that approval of transactional sex was contested. Although young men were likely to object to transactional sex, they occupied a structurally weaker position than older men. Findings suggest that interventions should employ gender synchronised and gender transformative approaches and should prioritise the promotion of alternative positive norms over preventing the exchange of gifts or money in relationships.