Lipid Flippases for Bacterial Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis.
Lipid Flippases for Bacterial Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis.
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DOI：
10.4137/lpi.s31783
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ruiz N
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ruiz N
细胞多糖和糖偶联物的生物合成通常涉及需要跨膜转移的脂质连接的中间产物。真核生物中的N-糖基化和细菌中肽聚糖(PG)细胞壁的生物发生等基本途径有一个共同的策略，即使用核苷酸-糖来构建与磷酸化的异戊二烯类脂相连的膜结合的寡糖前体。一旦制成，这些脂质连接的中间体必须跨膜转移，这样它们才能作为不同细胞室的底物。移位是如何发生的，尽管它显然需要转运蛋白或翻转酶，但人们对此知之甚少。这些转运体的鉴定是出了名的困难，尤其是脂类II的翻转酶，PG生物发生所需的中间产物，一直是争论的主题。在这里，我将回顾最近引发这场争议的工作主体，集中在提议的轻率候选人FtsW、Murj和Amj上。
The biosynthesis of cellular polysaccharides and glycoconjugates often involves lipid-linked intermediates that need to be translocated across membranes. Essential pathways such as N-glycosylation in eukaryotes and biogenesis of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall in bacteria share a common strategy where nucleotide-sugars are used to build a membrane-bound oligosaccharide precursor that is linked to a phosphorylated isoprenoid lipid. Once made, these lipid-linked intermediates must be translocated across a membrane so that they can serve as substrates in a different cellular compartment. How translocation occurs is poorly understood, although it clearly requires a transporter or flippase. Identification of these transporters is notoriously difficult, and, in particular, the identity of the flippase of lipid II, an intermediate required for PG biogenesis, has been the subject of much debate. Here, I will review the body of work that has recently fueled this controversy, centered on proposed flippase candidates FtsW, MurJ, and AmJ.