Design Thinking and the Experience of Innovation
Design Thinking and the Experience of Innovation
复制标题
设计思维与创新体验
DOI：
10.1162/desi.2008.24.2.3
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barry Wylant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barry Wylant
关于创造力、创造性思维技巧、社会心理学、地理学和经济发展的讨论为许多关于创新的评论提供了信息。这类工作通常侧重于实现创新的技术;加强创新在提高生产力方面的作用，并促进特定群体或区域的经济发展。例如，在经济学中，“集群”往往与创新有关。这些是公司和服务的“地理集中”，它们共同联系，集中精力满足某一工业部门的总体需要。加州葡萄酒集群就是一个例子，它包括几个葡萄园、酿酒厂和那些对葡萄酒酿造生产力的各个方面都有贡献的公司。这份名单涵盖了那些我们可能期望参与葡萄酒生产的企业，如瓶子、软木塞、标签和桶的制造商;以及那些能够提供专业广告和媒体形象的企业，提供与相关农业综合企业、餐饮业和葡萄酒旅游业的联系。这是通过提高集群成员的生产力实现的，使它们能够在区域和全球市场上有效竞争。地理上的集中使得能够获得能力、信息、专业知识和想法。它们使会员能够快速感知新的买家需求，以及新的技术、交付或运营可能性。这使成员能够比集群外的成员更容易地迅速认识和发现新的机会。集群内部也存在压力。竞争和同行压力可以驱动参与者的内在需求，以区分自己，并积极推动创新的追求。此外，集群参与者往往为当地研究机构和大学作出贡献，并可能以超出地方政府和其他组织授权的方式共同或私下开发当地资源。诸如此类的活动可以丰富工作经验，提高集群社区内的创新和生活质量。在1迈克尔E。Porter，“集群与竞争的新经济学”，《哈佛商业评论》（1998年11月至12月），第78页。2迈克尔·E. Porter，“Location，Competition，and Economic Development：Local Clusters in a Global Economy”，Economic Development Quarterly 14：1（February 2000）：15-34，17.
An Overview of Innovation Discussions on creativity, creative thinking techniques, social psychology, geography, and economic development inform much of the commentary on innovation. Such work usually focuses on techniques for achieving innovation; enhancing its role in increasing productivity, and contributing to the economic betterment of a given group or region. For instance, in economics, “clusters” often are associated with innovation. These are the “geographic concentrations” of companies and services that collectively link to focus on meeting the overall needs of a given industry sector.1 Often, such companies both compete and cooperate, enhancing the cluster. The California wine cluster is an example which includes several vineyards, wineries, and those companies that contribute to all aspects of productivity in winemaking. This list covers those we might expect to be involved with wine production such as the manufacturers of bottles, corks, labels, and barrels; and also those who can provide a specialized advertising and media presence, offering linkages to related agribusinesses, the restaurant industry, and winery tourism.2 Due to geographic proximity and a linked focus, clusters are useful in enhancing the microeconomic capability of a given region. This occurs through improvements in the productivity of cluster members which enables them to compete effectively in both regional and global markets. The geographic concentration allows for access to capabilities, information, expertise, and ideas. They allow members to quickly perceive new buyer needs, and new technological, delivery, or operating possibilities. This allows members to quickly recognize and identify new opportunities far more readily than those residing outside the cluster. Pressure also exists within clusters. Competition and peer pressure can drive an inherent need for participants to distinguish themselves, and proactively force the pursuit of innovation. Also cluster participants tend to contribute to local research institutes and universities, and may work together to develop local resources collectively and privately in a manner beyond the mandate of local governments and other organizations. Activities such as these can enrich the work experience, and enhance innovation and the quality of life within the cluster community. In 1 Michael E. Porter, “Clusters and the New Economics of Competition,” Harvard Business Review (November-December 1998): 78. 2 Michael E. Porter, “Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy,” Economic Development Quarterly 14:1 (February 2000): 15–34, 17.