System-Level Operational and Adequacy Impact Assessment of Photovoltaic and Distributed Energy Storage, with Consideration of Inertial Constraints, Dynamic Reserve and Interconnection Flexibility
System-Level Operational and Adequacy Impact Assessment of Photovoltaic and Distributed Energy Storage, with Consideration of Inertial Constraints, Dynamic Reserve and Interconnection Flexibility
复制标题
考虑惯性约束、动态储备和互连灵活性的光伏和分布式储能系统级运行和充足性影响评估
DOI：
10.3390/en10070989
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
P. Mancarella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lingxi Zhang;Yutian Zhou;D. Flynn;J. Mutale;P. Mancarella
太阳能光伏 (PV) 系统的日益普及需要对其在系统层面的影响有基本的了解。此外，电池等分布式能源存储（DES）技术因其能够为光伏等大规模可再生能源发电系统提供支持而引起了人们的极大兴趣。有鉴于此，从运营和充分性的角度评估光伏和分布式能源系统的系统级影响。提出了不同的 DES 控制策略，即： (1) 集中式，在系统斜坡和频率控制要求不断增加的情况下支持系统运行； (2) 分散化，最大限度地利用各个家庭的太阳能，同时存储光伏板产生的电力，以便根据需要提供系统容量。通过部署多业务单元承诺模型，考虑惯性约束、动态储备分配和互联灵活性来评估运营影响，同时通过不同指标评估光伏和分布式能源系统的容量信用来分析对供应充足性的影响。然后将开发的模型应用于英国电力系统的不同未来场景，其中还考虑了电气化导致的电力需求增加。数值结果凸显了互连器提供灵活性的重要性。另一方面，与能源套利相反，来自集成到系统运行中的 DES 提供的储备被视为提高系统性能的最有效贡献，这反过来又降低了互连器的作用。 DES 还可以有助于提供系统容量，但在一定程度上受到不同控制策略下的单独和聚合能源可用性的限制。
The growing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems requires a fundamental understanding of its impact at a system-level. Furthermore, distributed energy storage (DES) technologies, such as batteries, are attracting great interest owing to their ability to provide support to systems with large-scale renewable generation, such as PV. In this light, the system-level impacts of PV and DES are assessed from both operational and adequacy perspectives. Different control strategies for DES are proposed, namely: (1) centralised, to support system operation in the presence of increasing requirements on system ramping and frequency control; and (2) decentralised, to maximise the harnessing of solar energy from individual households while storing electricity generated by PV panels to provide system capacity on request. The operational impacts are assessed by deploying a multi-service unit commitment model with consideration of inertial constraints, dynamic reserve allocation, and interconnection flexibility, while the impacts on adequacy of supply are analysed by assessing the capacity credit of PV and DES through different metrics. The models developed are then applied to different future scenarios for the Great Britain power system, whereby an electricity demand increase due to electrification is also considered. The numerical results highlight the importance of interconnectors to provide flexibility. On the other hand, provision of reserves, as opposed to energy arbitrage, from DES that are integrated into system operation is seen as the most effective contribution to improve system performance, which in turn also decreases the role of interconnectors. DES can also contribute to providing system capacity, but to an extent that is limited by their individual and aggregated energy availability under different control strategies.