Biotransformation of the mycotoxin zearalenone by fungi of the genera Rhizopus and Aspergillus
Biotransformation of the mycotoxin zearalenone by fungi of the genera Rhizopus and Aspergillus
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1574-6968.12586
复制
发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Maul, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brodehl, Antje;Moeller, Anne;Maul, Ronald
玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEN) 是一种由多种镰刀菌生物合成的非甾体雌激素霉菌毒素。这些真菌经常侵染谷物；因此，ZEN 代表谷物产品中的常见污染物。 ZEN 的生物转化因物种而异，已知有几种代谢物是由动物、植物和微生物形成的。本研究的目的是研究代表食品加工（例如发酵）相关真菌的根霉属和曲霉属物种对 ZEN 的微生物转化。为了监测 ZEN 代谢，将 ZEN 添加到不同真菌物种的液体培养物中。 3 天后，通过 HPLC-MS/MS 分析培养基的代谢物形成。两种米曲霉菌株和所有七种根霉菌都能将 ZEN 转化为各种代谢物，包括 ZEN-14-硫酸盐以及 ZEN-O-14-和 ZENO-16-葡萄糖苷。还观察到 ZEN 经微生物转化为雌激素含量更高的 α-玉米赤霉烯醇 (α-ZEL)。此外，还检测到了一种新的真菌代谢物，α-ZEL-硫酸盐。主要代谢物的半定量表明，超过 50% 的初始 ZEN 可能被修改。结果表明，真菌菌株有可能将 ZEN 转化为各种代谢物，从而掩盖毒素，例如在发酵食品中。
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by various Fusarium fungi. These fungal species frequently infest grains; therefore, ZEN represents a common contaminant in cereal products. The biotransformation of ZEN differs significantly from species to species, and several metabolites are known to be formed by animals, plants, and microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial conversion of ZEN by species of the genera Rhizopus and Aspergillus representing relevant fungi for food processing (e.g. fermentation). To monitor the ZEN metabolism, ZEN was added to liquid cultures of the different fungal species. After a period of 3 days, the media were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for metabolite formation. Two Aspergillus oryzae strains and all seven Rhizopus species were able to convert ZEN into various metabolites, including ZEN-14-sulfate as well as ZEN-O-14-and ZENO-16-glucoside. Microbial transformation of ZEN into the significantly more estrogenic alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL) was also observed. Additionally, a novel fungal metabolite, alpha-ZEL-sulfate, was detected. Semi-quantification of the main metabolites indicates that more than 50% of initial ZEN may be modified. The results show that fungal strains have the potential to convert ZEN into various metabolites leading to a masking of the toxin, for example in fermented food.