Chronological Age and Age-Related Cognitive Deficits Are Associated With an Increase in Multiple Types of Driving Errors in Late Life
Chronological Age and Age-Related Cognitive Deficits Are Associated With an Increase in Multiple Types of Driving Errors in Late Life
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023835
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wood, Joanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anstey, Kaarin J.;Wood, Joanne
目的：老年司机的研究主要集中在识别一小部分老年司机是不安全的。对于老年人正常的认知变化如何影响更广泛的经常开车的成年人的驾驶行为，我们知之甚少。我们评估了认知功能和年龄与驾驶失误的关系。方法：对266名年龄在70 ~ 88岁之间的驾驶员进行视觉注意、加工速度、抑制、反应时间、任务切换等正常衰老衰退能力和UFOV (R)能力的评估。UFOV (R)是一种经过验证的老年驾驶员筛选工具。参与者完成了一项道路驾驶测试。使用广义线性模型来估计认知因素与特定驾驶错误的关联，以及自我导向和教练导航条件下的错误数量。结果：所有错误类型均随年龄增长而增加。在多变量分析中，反应时间与驾驶错误无关。测量速度、选择性注意和转换的认知因素与大多数错误类型有独特的联系。UFOV (R)预测了盲点误差和双车道误差。在调整了年龄、教育程度和性别后，认知因素解释了教师引导条件下总错误数7%的方差和自我引导条件下4%的方差。结论：我们得出的结论是，在老年司机中，错误随着年龄的增长而增加，并且与快速选择性注意有关，特别是当需要注意视野外围的刺激时，任务切换。抑制反应的错误。还有视觉歧视。这些能力应该是认知训练的目标。
Objective: Older driver research has mostly focused on identifying that small proportion of older drivers who are unsafe. Little is known about how normal cognitive changes in aging affect driving in the wider population of adults who drive regularly. We evaluated the association of cognitive function and age with driving errors. Method: A sample of 266 drivers aged 70 to 88 years were assessed on abilities that decline in normal aging (visual attention, processing speed, inhibition, reaction time, task switching) and the UFOV (R), which is a validated screening instrument for older drivers. Participants completed an on-road driving test. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of cognitive factors with specific driving errors and number of errors in self-directed and instructor navigated conditions. Results: All error types increased with chronological age. Reaction time was not associated with driving errors in multivariate analyses. A cognitive factor measuring speeded selective attention and switching was uniquely associated with the most errors types. The UFOV (R) predicted blind-spot errors and errors on dual carriageways. After adjusting for age, education, and gender, the cognitive factors explained 7% of variance in the total number of errors in the instructor-navigated condition and 4% of variance in the self-navigated condition. Conclusion: We conclude that among older drivers, errors increase with age and are associated with speeded selective attention, particularly when that requires attending to the stimuli in the periphery of the visual field, task switching. errors inhibiting responses. and visual discrimination. These abilities should be the target of cognitive training.