The ICDP Lake Bosumtwi impact crater scientific drilling project (Ghana): Core LB‐08A litho‐log, related ejecta, and shock recovery experiments

The ICDP Lake Bosumtwi impact crater scientific drilling project (Ghana): Core LB‐08A litho‐log, related ejecta, and shock recovery experiments
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ICDP 博苏姆特维湖撞击坑科学钻探项目(加纳):核心 LBâ08A 岩石、相关喷射物和冲击恢复实验

DOI:
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb01065.x
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发表时间:
2007
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Heinrich
Heinrich
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Deutsch;Luetke;Heinrich

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在国际大陆科学钻探项目(ICDP)的框架内,对加纳107万年前的博苏姆特维湖撞击坑进行了钻探。LB-08 A孔钻至中央隆起的外侧,总深度为451 m,产出了215.71 m的冲击相关岩石。本文总结了LB-08 A岩心的岩性测井观察结果。在235.6米至260米的深度之间,该剖面由含熔体的异地、复混合岩和主要由碎屑支撑的冲击角砾岩组成。下至418 m,该剖面包括一个相当均匀的变杂砂岩单元,与千枚岩-板岩(下部绿片岩相)交替;存在少量(部分)原地冲击角砾岩体和罕见的冲击岩脉角砾岩。该剖面的最低部分包含几厘米至分米厚的含熔体角砾岩岩脉,其围岩与上述情况相同。以定性的方式绘制了无所不在的压裂图。在隆起的目的岩中最突出的冲击效应包括石英中的平面断裂和变形元素以及碳酸盐矿物中的多合成孪晶;石英所证明的最大冲击压力低于26 GPa。异地角砾岩偶尔含有几个体积%的熔体颗粒。苏维岩出现在火山口边缘之外,携带透晶晶体,柯石英和巴棱石英以及真正的熔融玻璃和各种岩屑碎屑,其中包括壮观的富含十字石的云母片岩。在隆起的目标岩石中记录的震动水平低于预期和模拟。在34和39.5 GPa的模拟碳质杂岩的冲击恢复实验产生了几乎完全转变的石英到透晶玻璃。因此,我们排除了LB-08 A核心中柔软的富含流体的目标材料(碳质杂岩,页岩,板岩)的特定冲击行为作为熔融赤字的主要或唯一原因,以及博萨姆特维湖撞击坑内记录的一般较低的冲击水平。
The 1.07 Myr old Lake Bosumtwi impact crater in Ghana was drilled within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project (ICDP). Hole LB‐08A, drilled into the outer flank of the central uplift and with a total depth of 451 m, yielded 215.71 m of impact‐related rocks. This paper summarizes observations of the lithological logging on core LB‐08A. Between a depth of 235.6 and ∼260 m, the section consists of a melt‐bearing allochthonous, polymict, and mostly clast‐supported impact breccia. Down to ∼418 m, the section comprises a rather uniform unit of meta‐graywacke alternating with phyllite to slate (lower greenschist facies); few (par‐) autochthonous impact breccia bodies and rare impact dike breccias are present. The lowermost part of the section contains several centimeter‐ to decimeter‐thick melt‐bearing breccia dikes in country rocks identical to those occurring above. Omnipresent fracturing was mapped in a qualitative manner. Most prominent shock effects in the uplifted target rocks comprise planar fractures and deformation elements in quartz and polysynthetic twinning in carbonate minerals; the maximum shock pressure as evidenced by quartz is below 26 GPa. The allochthonous breccias occasionally contain a few vol% of melt particles. Suevites occur outside the crater rim, carrying diaplectic crystals, coesite, and ballen quartz as well as true melt glasses and a variety of lithic clasts, among those spectacular staurolite‐rich mica‐schists. The recorded shock level in the uplifted target rocks is lower than expected and modeled. Shock recovery experiments with analogue carbonaceous graywackes at 34 and 39.5 GPa yielded nearly complete transformation of quartz into diaplectic glass. We therefore exclude a specific shock behavior of the soft, fluid‐rich target material (carbonaceous graywackes, shales, slates) in core LB‐08A as the prime or only reason for the melt deficit and the generally low shock levels recorded inside the Lake Bosumtwi impact crater.
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