Consumer Movements Confronted by Naturalness in Gene Editing in Japan
Consumer Movements Confronted by Naturalness in Gene Editing in Japan
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DOI：
10.1080/18752160.2021.1877442
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Otsuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Otsuka
摘要这项研究描述了日本消费者对转基因生物(GMO)的反对，因为基因编辑技术可能不受规范转基因生物的卡塔赫纳法案的约束，因为编辑后的生物无法与自然发生的生物区分开来。自然度的概念在过去被批评为不科学，但现在已经成为免除基因编辑监管的科学理由。对三个消费者组织的定性研究和对提交给环境部的公众评论的文本分析证实，专家和消费者之间的话语空间出现了自然性。消费者运动将自然度定义为没有人工操纵，而专家则根据其与自然的相似性来定义它。此外，对参加消费者组织会议的消费者进行了问卷调查，并对其进行了分析，以了解消费者对自然度和基因编辑技术的不同看法。与专家的认识相反，消费者对基因编辑和自然性的看法与传统杂交的看法呈负相关，这表明消费者对自然性的看法不同。此外，对基因编辑的预期态度被显示出受到目前对转基因生物的态度的显著影响，尽管人们对基因编辑的自然性的感知独立于转基因生物。
Abstract This study describes consumer opposition toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Japan in response to gene editing technology that may not be subjected to the Cartagena Act regulating GMOs, since edited organisms cannot be distinguished from naturally occurring ones. The notion of naturalness, criticized as unscientific in the past, has become a scientific reason to exempt gene editing from regulations. Qualitative research of three consumer organizations and text analysis of public comments to the Ministry of the Environment confirmed the emergence of naturalness in the discursive space between experts and consumers. Consumer movements define naturalness as the lack of artificial manipulation, while experts define it according to its similarity to nature. Additionally, a questionnaire survey of consumers who attended consumer organization meetings was conducted and analyzed to understand different perceptions of naturalness and gene editing technology. Perceptions of gene editing and naturalness negatively correlated with those of conventional crossing, contrary to the recognition of experts, suggesting that consumer perception of naturalness differs. Moreover, anticipated attitudes toward gene editing were shown to be significantly influenced by present attitudes toward GMOs, although the perceived naturalness of gene editing is independent of GMOs.