Cultura y diferencia: la ontología política del campo de cultura y desarrollo
Cultura y diferencia: la ontología política del campo de cultura y desarrollo
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文化与差异：文化与发展的政治本体论
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Escobar
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作者：
A. Escobar
本文分析了文化概念中日益增长的紧张关系，这可能对文化与发展（C&D）领域产生影响。这种紧张关系可以被描述为发生在两种文化概念中：文化作为“符号结构”（CSS）和文化作为“根本差异”（CRD）。有人认为，尽管CSS致力于多样性，但它仍然相信存在一个单一的世界，这个世界是所有现实的基础，我们称之为宇宙。这一信念的基础是现代性的二元本体论。通过质疑这些构成的二元论，CRD假定了相互关联的世界之间的根本差异，从而使多元宇宙的情况变得明显。今天CRD最清晰的表达之一是强调众生之间深刻的关系。无论是在社会理论领域，还是在许多形式的政治动员（如拉丁美洲的土著人民和非洲裔），我们都目睹了关系的政治激活。结论讨论了如何关注关系本体论是潜在的C&D领域的部分重新定位的关键。
This article analyzes a growing tension within the concept of culture that could be productive for the field of Culture and Development (C&D). The tension could be described as taking place within two conceptions of culture: culture as «symbolic structure» (CSS) and culture as «radical difference» (CRD). It is argued that despite its commitment to diversity, CSS continues to harbor the belief in the existence of a single world that underlies all of reality – what we will call a universe. At the basis of this belief lies the dualist ontology of modernity. By questioning these constitutive dualisms, CRD posits the radical differences among inter-related worlds, thus making the case for a pluriverse evident. One of the clearest expressions of CRD today is found in the tendency to highlight the profound relationality of all beings. Whether one looks at the field of social theory or at the many forms of political mobilization (such as those of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendents in Latin America), we are witnessing the political activation of relationality. The conclusion discusses how a focus on relational ontologies is potentially crucial for the partial reorientation of the field of C&D.