RNAi for treating hepatitis B viral infection.

RNAi for treating hepatitis B viral infection.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11095-007-9504-0
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发表时间:
2008-01
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Mahato, Ram I.
Mahato, Ram I.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Yong;Cheng, Guofeng;Mahato, Ram I.

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慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)的主要原因之一。目前治疗 HBV 感染的策略包括使用干扰素 (IFN)-α 和核苷酸类似物(如拉米夫定和阿德福韦),但仅取得了部分成功。因此,有必要开发更有效的抗病毒疗法,可以清除乙型肝炎病毒感染,且副作用更少。 RNA干扰(RNAi),即小干扰RNA(siRNA)在转录后水平诱导基因沉默,具有治疗乙型肝炎病毒感染的潜力。成功使用化学合成的 siRNA、小发夹 RNA (shRNA) 或 microRNA (miRNA) 的内源表达来沉默靶基因,使该技术成为治疗 HBV 感染的潜在合理疗法。然而,需要克服一些挑战,包括 siRNA 稳定性差、细胞摄取效率低、广泛的生物分布和非特异性效应。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了几种提高 siRNA 抗 HBV 治疗功效的策略,同时避免其脱靶效应和免疫刺激。深入讨论了 (1) RNAi 机制、(2) siRNA/shRNA 生产方法、(3) 基于 RNAi 的治疗的障碍,以及 (4) 治疗 HBV 感染的 siRNA 递送策略。
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment strategies of HBV infection including the use of interferon (IFN)-α and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine and adefovir have met with only partial success. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective antiviral therapies that can clear HBV infection with fewer side effects. RNA interference (RNAi), by which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the gene silence at a post-transcriptional level, has the potential of treating HBV infection. The successful use of chemically synthesized siRNA, endogenous expression of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to silence the target gene make this technology towards a potentially rational therapeutics for HBV infection. However, several challenges including poor siRNA stability, inefficient cellular uptake, widespread biodistribution and non-specific effects need to be overcome. In this review, we discuss several strategies for improving the anti-HBV therapeutic efficacy of siRNAs, while avoiding their off-target effects and immunostimulation. There is an in-depth discussion on the (1) mechanisms of RNAi, (2) methods for siRNA/shRNA production, (3) barriers to RNAi-based therapies, and (4) delivery strategies of siRNA for treating HBV infection.
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