Marijuana Use by Breastfeeding Mothers and Cannabinoid Concentrations in Breast Milk
Marijuana Use by Breastfeeding Mothers and Cannabinoid Concentrations in Breast Milk
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2018-1076
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Chambers, Christina D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bertrand, Kerri A.;Hanan, Nathan J.;Chambers, Christina D.
大麻是哺乳妇女最常用的娱乐用药。随着美国几个州大麻合法化，以及1990年的一项研究，作者记录了使用大麻的母亲哺乳的婴儿的精神运动缺陷，因此需要有关母乳喂养婴儿潜在接触的信息。我们这项研究的目标是量化母亲使用大麻后母乳中的大麻类化合物。方法：2014至2017年间，50名报告使用大麻的母乳喂养妇女向研究资料库-妈妈的牛奶-提供了54个母乳样本。结果：54份样品中有34份(63%)检测到9-四氢大麻酚，中位数为9.47 ng/m L(范围：1.01-323.00)。5个样本含有可检测到的11-羟基-9-四氢大麻酚(范围：1.33-12.80 ng/ml)或大麻二酚(范围：1.32-8.56 ng/ml)。大麻二酚浓度最高的样品(8.56 ng/mL)没有检测到9-THC。在任何样本中都没有检测到大麻酚。自上次使用以来的小时数是LOG9-THC浓度的显著预测因子(-0.03；95%可信区间[CI]-0.04至-0.01；P=0.005)。调整了自上次使用以来的时间，每日使用次数和从样本收集到分析的时间也是LOG-9-THC浓度的显著预测因素(分别为0.51；95%可信区间0.03到0.99；P=0.039；0.08；95%可信区间0.00到0.15；P=0.038)。结论：在大多数母乳样本中可以检测到9-THC，直到母亲使用大麻后大约6天。
Marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug among breastfeeding women. With legalization of marijuana in several US states and a 1990 study in which authors documented psychomotor deficits in infants breastfed by mothers using marijuana, there is a need for information on potential exposure to the breastfed infant. Our objective with this study was to quantify cannabinoids in human milk after maternal marijuana use.METHODS:Between 2014 and 2017, 50 breastfeeding women who reported marijuana use provided 54 breast milk samples to a research repository, Mommy's Milk. Concentrations of -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), 11-hydroxy--9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol were measured by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry electrospray ionization.RESULTS:9-THC was detectable in 34 (63%) of the 54 samples up to approximate to 6 days after last reported use; the median concentration of 9-THC was 9.47 ng/mL (range: 1.01-323.00). Five samples had detectable levels of 11-hydroxy--9-tetrahydrocannabinol (range: 1.33-12.80 ng/mL) or cannabidiol (range: 1.32-8.56 ng/mL). The sample with the highest concentration of cannabidiol (8.56 ng/mL) did not have measurable 9-THC. Cannabinol was not detected in any samples. The number of hours since last use was a significant predictor of log 9-THC concentrations (-0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04 to -0.01; P = .005). Adjusted for time since last use, the number of daily uses and time from sample collection to analysis were also significant predictors of log 9-THC concentrations (0.51; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.99; P = .039; 0.08; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.15; P = .038, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:9-THC was measurable in a majority of breast milk samples up to approximate to 6 days after maternal marijuana use.