Gender differences in pain and its relief.
Gender differences in pain and its relief.
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DOI：
10.4415/ann_16_02_09
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Aloisi, Anna Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pieretti, Stefano;Di Giannuario, Amalia;Aloisi, Anna Maria
有大量证据表明性别是调节疼痛的重要因素。文献数据强烈表明，男性和女性对疼痛的反应存在差异：女性的疼痛反应比男性更加多变，女性对疼痛的敏感度更高，而且女性常见的疼痛疾病也更多。药物治疗和非药物疼痛干预措施中的性别差异也有报道，但这些影响似乎取决于治疗类型和特征。越来越明显的是，疼痛及其缓解的性别差异源于遗传、解剖、生理、神经元、激素、心理和社会因素的相互作用，这些因素对性别的疼痛有不同的调节作用。实验数据表明，内源性阿片系统和性激素的不同调节都是影响男性和女性疼痛敏感性的因素。这篇简短的综述将审查有关实验和临床疼痛性别差异的文献，重点关注与观察到的性别相关差异所涉及的几种生物学机制。
There is much evidence to suggest that gender is an important factor in the modulation of pain. Literature data strongly suggest that men and women differ in their responses to pain: they are more variable in women than men, with increased pain sensitivity and many more painful diseases commonly reported among women. Gender differences in pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological pain interventions have also been reported, but these effects appear to depend on the treatment type and characteristics. It is becoming very evident that gender differences in pain and its relief arise from an interaction of genetic, anatomical, physiological, neuronal, hormonal, psychological and social factors which modulate pain differently in the sexes. Experimental data indicate that both a different modulation of the endogenous opioid system and sex hormones are factors influencing pain sensitivity in males and females. This brief review will examine the literature on sex differences in experimental and clinical pain, focusing on several biological mechanisms implicated in the observed gender-related differences.