Geographic density and proximity of vape shops to colleges in the USA
Geographic density and proximity of vape shops to colleges in the USA
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-052957
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Hao, Jianqiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Hongying;Hao, Jianqiang
自2008年以来，Vape商店在美国迅速蔓延，迎合了快速增长的电子烟市场。鲜为人知的是，地理密度和邻近的vape商店colleages.Methods名称和地址的vape商店收集3个在线目录：Yelp.com，Yellowpages.com和Guidetovaping.com。我们使用地理信息系统确定了美国vape商店的流行程度及其密度和与大学的接近程度。一般线性模型和负二项回归进行检查的因素与接近和密度的vape商店附近colleages.Results我们确定了9945 vape商店在美国截至2015年12月，近三倍，从2013年增长。在这项研究中包括的2755所大学中，66.5%的大学在3英里半径内至少有一家电子烟商店。最近的vape商店到每个学院/大学的平均距离为1.8英里。学生人数、私立机构与公共机构相比以及地理位置（城市与农村）增加了邻近度。在1英里半径内，有无烟校园政策的大学比没有无烟校园政策的大学的vape商店密度低（RR= 0.6，p= 0.002）。私营机构的vape商店密度高于公共机构（RR= 7.8，p< 0.0001）。有校园住房的大学比没有校园住房的大学的vape商店密度低（RR= 0.4，p< 0.0001），位于城市的大学比位于农村地区的大学的vape商店密度高得多（RR= 6.6，p< 0.0001）。无烟和无电子烟的校园政策有显着的相互作用与大学类型（私人与公共）和校园住房在减少vape shop density.Conclusions Vape商店更有可能位于附近的私人机构和大学在城市，而不是农村地区。无烟和无电子烟的校园政策在降低电子烟商店的密度方面产生了显着的影响，但并没有减少电子烟商店与大学的距离。迫切需要对向青年和年轻人销售和广告电子烟进行监管。
Background Vape shops have been spreading rapidly in the USA since 2008, catering to the fast-growing market for electronic cigarettes. Little is known about the geographic density and proximity of vape shops near colleges.Methods Names and addresses of vape shops were collected from 3 online directories: Yelp.com, Yellowpages.com and Guidetovaping.com. We identified the prevalence of US-based vape shops and their density and proximity to colleges using a geographic information system. General linear model and negative binomial regression were performed to examine the factors associated with proximity and density of vape shops near colleges.Results We identified 9945 vape shops in the USA as of December 2015, a nearly threefold increase from 2013. Among the 2755 colleges included in this study, 66.5% had at least 1 vape shop within a 3-mile radius. The median proximity of the nearest vape shop to each college/university was 1.8 miles. Proximity increased by student population, private as compared to public institutions, and location (city vs rural). Within a 1-mile radius, colleges with smoke-free campus policies had a lower density of vape shops (RR= 0.6, p= 0.002) than those without smoke-free campus policies. Private institutions had a higher density of vape shops (RR= 7.8, p< 0.0001) than did public institutions. Colleges with campus housing had a lower density of vape shops (RR= 0.4, p< 0.0001) than those without campus housing, and colleges located in cities had a much higher density of vape shops than those located in rural areas (RR= 6.6, p< 0.0001). Smoke-free and e-cigarette-free campus policies had significant interactions with college type (private vs public) and campus housing in reducing vape shop density.Conclusions Vape shops are more likely to be located near private institutions and colleges in cities as opposed to rural areas. Smoke-free and e-cigarette-free campus policies have had significant effects in reducing the density of vape shops but have not reduced the proximity of vape shops to colleges. Regulations on the sale and advertisement of e-cigarettes to youth and young adults are critically needed.