Particulate emission rates from in use high emitting vehicles recruited in Orange County, California
Particulate emission rates from in use high emitting vehicles recruited in Orange County, California
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es9700257
复制
发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Snow, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cadle, SH;Mulawa, PA;Snow, R
在1995年南海岸空气质量管理区的一个项目中，通过遥感和路边视觉检查，103辆在用车辆被确定为高碳氢化合物和/或一氧化碳排放者，在IM240循环上使用便携式测力计进行了测试。其中71辆作为项目的一部分进行了修复并重新测试。车队中有17辆车最初从排气管排出可见烟雾，被列为“吸烟者”。船队的船龄从6年到22年不等，中位船龄为12.3年。测量了废气HC、CO、NOx和颗粒物排放（PM-10）。测定了颗粒物的PM-10质量、元素组成和碳质组成。车队PM-10的平均排放率为0.138 g/mi，而吸烟者的平均排放率为0.395 g/mi。结论是，对吸烟车辆的随意观察不能很好地识别PM-10高排放车辆。颗粒物组成以碳质组分为主，元素碳组分和有机碳组分之间存在差异，吸烟者和非吸烟者的有机碳组分百分比差异不显著。平均而言，修复前和修复后样品的PM组成不同。由于考虑到车辆条件对这些测量结果的影响，加州烟雾检查修复计划对PM排放率的影响无法评估。
One hundred three in-use vehicles identified as high hydrocarbon and/or carbon monoxide emitters by remote sensing and roadside visual, underhood checks during a 1995 South Coast Air Quality Management District program were tested on the IM240 cycle using a transportable dynamometer. Seventy-one of these vehicles were repaired as part of the program and were retested. Seventeen vehicles in the fleet initially emitted visible smoke from the tailpipe and were classified as ''smokers''. The fleet ranged in age from 6 to 22 years, with a median age of 12.3 years. Exhaust HC, CO, NOx, and particulate emissions (PM-10) were measured. PM-10 mass and the elemental and carbonaceous composition of the particulate matter were determined. The average fleet PM-10 emission rate was 0.138 g/mi, while the average emission rate for smokers was 0.395 g/mi. It was concluded that the casual observation of smoking vehicles was not very successful in identifying high PM-10 emitting vehicles. The particulate matter composition was primarily carbonaceous, with a variable distribution between the elemental and organic carbon fractions, and showed no significant difference in the percent organic carbon fraction between smokers and non-smokers. The PM composition differed, on average, between pre-repair and post-repair samples. The effect of the California Smog Check repair program on PM emission rates could not be evaluated due to concerns regarding the effect of vehicle conditioning on these measurements.