Movements of the retinae of jumping spiders (Salticidae: dendryphantinae) in response to visual stimuli.
Movements of the retinae of jumping spiders (Salticidae: dendryphantinae) in response to visual stimuli.
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跳蛛（Salticidae：dendryphantinae）视网膜响应视觉刺激的运动。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1969
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Land
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Land
1.跳蛛(Phidippus和Metaphidippus spp.)已经使用眼底镜技术进行了研究，该技术允许同时观察和刺激视网膜表面。
2.眼动是由六块肌肉产生的。四个附着在甲壳上，使每个视网膜向内侧和背腹方向移位。剩下的一对是环绕着眼管的薄薄的肌肉带。它们扭曲眼管，使视网膜绕视轴旋转(扭转)。
3.供应这些肌肉的神经只有6个轴突。每个轴突都终止于六块肌肉中的一块。
4.观察到四种类型的眼动。它们是自发活动、扫视、跟踪和扫描。所有的动作通常都是共轭的。
5.自发活动由视网膜的一种非常可变的周期性左右运动组成。它与高兴奋性状态有关，无论视野中是否有任何结构都会发生。
6.当一个小的刺激(如黑点)出现或移动到主眼或前外侧眼的视网膜上时，就会发生眼跳。在扫视中，视网膜朝向目标的图像移动，因此它们的中央区域停留在目标上。
7.如果目标移动了视网膜，就跟踪它，保持中央注视。
8.扫视通常在扫视之后进行。它包括视网膜在刺激下振荡的左右运动，周期为1-2秒，以及同时的扭转运动，其中视网膜围绕视轴部分旋转，角度约为50°，周期为5-15秒。
9.跳跃蜘蛛通过腿的几何形状来区分其他跳跃蜘蛛和潜在的猎物。扫描是一种模式识别过程，其中扭转运动与直线或边缘探测器的空间排列有关，水平分量提供这些探测器与静止刺激之间的相对运动。
1. Movements made by the principal eyes of jumping spiders ( Phidippus and Metaphidippus spp.) have been investigated using an ophthalmoscopic technique which permits simultaneous observation and stimulation of the retinal surface.
2. The eye-movements are produced by six muscles. Four are attached to the carapace, and displace each retina latero-medially and dorso-ventrally. The remaining pair are thin bands of muscle which encircle the eye-tube. These twist the eye-tube, rotating the retina about the visual axis (torsion).
3. The nerve supplying these muscles contains only six axons. Each axon terminates in one of the six muscles.
4. Four types of eye-movements are observed. These are spontaneous activity, saccades, tracking and scanning. All movements are usually conjugate.
5. Spontaneous activity consists of a very variable, periodic side-to-side motion of the retinae. It is associated with states of high excitability, and occurs whether or not there is any structure in the field of view.
6. Saccades occur when a small stimulus (e.g. a dark dot) is presented to, or moved upon, the retinae of either the principal eyes or the antero-lateral eyes. In a saccade the retinae move towards the image of the target so that they come to rest with their central regions fixated on the target.
7. If the target moves the retinae track it, maintaining central fixation.
8. Scanning normally follows a saccade. It consists of an oscillatory, side-to-side movement of the retinae across the stimulus, with a period of 1-2 sec., and a simultaneous torsional movement in which the retinae partially rotate about the visual axes, through an angle of approximately 50° and with a period of 5-15 sec.
9. Jumping spiders distinguish other jumping spiders from potential prey by the geometry of their legs. It is suggested that scanning is a pattern-recognition procedure in which the torsional movements are concerned with the spatial alignment of line or edge detectors, and the horizontal component with providing relative motion between these detectors and the stationary stimulus.