Adult psychosocial outcomes of children with specific language impairment, pragmatic language impairment and autism
Adult psychosocial outcomes of children with specific language impairment, pragmatic language impairment and autism
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DOI：
10.1080/13682820802708098
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.;Watt, Helen J.;Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
背景：少数追踪发展性语言障碍儿童至成年期的研究发现，这些儿童在心理社会适应(例如，学习、职业和社交能力)方面经历了相当大的困难。有证据表明，随着时间的推移，一些儿童也会出现自闭症症状，这表明发育性语言障碍可能是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的一种高功能形式。目的：比较特殊语言障碍(SLI)、语用语言障碍(PLI)和特殊语言障碍(ASD)儿童成年后的心理社会结局。方法与程序：所有参与者都在孩提时代参与了研究。总共有19名青壮年有特殊语言障碍的儿童史(男性=24岁；8岁)，7名PLI患者(男性=22岁；3岁)，11名高功能自闭症患者(男性=21岁，9岁)和12名没有发育障碍病史的成年人(典型；12名；男性=21岁；6岁)。结果与结果：SLI组的参与者最有可能接受职业培训，并从事对语言/识字能力要求不高的工作。PLI群体倾向于接受更高水平的教育，并在“有技能的”职业中工作。与PLI和SLI参与者相比，ASD参与者的独立性水平较低，获得就业的难度更大。所有群体都有建立社会关系的问题，但这些困难在PLI和ASD群体中最为突出。每组中的一小部分参与者被发现经历了情感障碍。PLI和SLI组的自闭症症状学水平低于ASD组。结论与启示：自闭症症状学的组间差异进一步证明，SLI、PLI和ASD是相关的障碍，在语言结构、语言使用和受限兴趣的定性维度上存在差异。儿童时期的诊断与成人的心理社会结局有一定的关系。然而，群体内部的差异突出了在个案基础上评估儿童的重要性。
Background: The few studies that have tracked children with developmental language disorder to adulthood have found that these individuals experience considerable difficulties with psychosocial adjustment (for example, academic, vocational and social aptitude). Evidence that some children also develop autistic symptomatology over time has raised suggestions that developmental language disorder may be a high-functioning form of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is not yet clear whether these outcomes vary between individuals with different subtypes of language impairment.Aims: To compare the adult psychosocial outcomes of children with specific language impairment (SLI), pragmatic language impairment (PLI) and ASD.Methods & Procedures: All participants took part in research as children. In total, there were 19 young adults with a childhood history of Specific Language Impairment (M age=24;8), seven with PLI (M age=22;3), 11 with high functioning ASD (M age=21;9) and 12 adults with no history of developmental disorder (Typical; n=12; M age=21; 6). At follow-up, participants and their parents were interviewed to elicit information about psychosocial outcomes.Outcomes & Results: Participants in the SLI group were most likely to pursue vocational training and work in jobs not requiring a high level of language/literacy ability. The PLI group tended to obtain higher levels of education and work in 'skilled' professions. The ASD participants had lower levels of independence and more difficulty obtaining employment than the PLI and SLI participants. All groups had problems establishing social relationships, but these difficulties were most prominent in the PLI and ASD groups. A small number of participants in each group were found to experience affective disturbances. The PLI and SLI groups showed lower levels of autistic symptomatology than the ASD group.Conclusions & Implications: The between-group differences in autistic symptomatology provide further evidence that SLI, PLI, and ASD are related disorders that vary along qualitative dimensions of language structure, language use and circumscribed interests. Childhood diagnosis showed some relation to adult psychosocial outcome. However, within-group variation highlights the importance of evaluating children on a case-by-case basis.