Genetic Regulation of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Genetic Regulation of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
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DOI：
10.3390/genes8010012
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发表时间：
2016-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Cameron AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kröger C;Kary SC;Schauer K;Cameron AD
多重耐药微生物被预测将成为世纪医疗保健的最大挑战。在过去的几十年中，不动杆菌属的成员已经成为细菌性机会致病菌，特别是由于抗微生物剂抗性的快速进化而成为具有挑战性的医院内致病菌。虽然我们缺乏对毒力机制的基本生物学见解，但越来越多的研究人员正在努力确定毒力因子并研究抗生素耐药性。本文就鲍曼不动杆菌毒力基因调控和耐药性研究进展作一综述。对双组分系统AdeRS，BaeSR，GacSA和PmrAB的调查解释了每个系统如何有助于抗生素耐药性和毒力基因表达，而BfmRS调节对病原体持久性重要的细胞包膜结构。A.鲍曼不动杆菌使用转录因子Fur和Zur来感知铁或锌的消耗，并上调用于金属清除的基因，作为动物宿主中的关键生存工具。群体感应，核相关蛋白，和非经典的转录因子，如AtfA和小调控RNA的毒力和抗生素耐药性的背景下进行了讨论。
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are forecast to become the single biggest challenge to medical care in the 21st century. Over the last decades, members of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as bacterial opportunistic pathogens, in particular as challenging nosocomial pathogens because of the rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistances. Although we lack fundamental biological insight into virulence mechanisms, an increasing number of researchers are working to identify virulence factors and to study antibiotic resistance. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the regulation of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. A survey of the two-component systems AdeRS, BaeSR, GacSA and PmrAB explains how each contributes to antibiotic resistance and virulence gene expression, while BfmRS regulates cell envelope structures important for pathogen persistence. A. baumannii uses the transcription factors Fur and Zur to sense iron or zinc depletion and upregulate genes for metal scavenging as a critical survival tool in an animal host. Quorum sensing, nucleoid-associated proteins, and non-classical transcription factors such as AtfA and small regulatory RNAs are discussed in the context of virulence and antibiotic resistance.