Spatial covariation between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem services.
Spatial covariation between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem services.
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DOI：
10.1890/09-2195.1
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发表时间：
2011-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Robert A. Holland;F. Eigenbrod;P. Armsworth;B. Anderson;C. Thomas;A. Heinemeyer;S. Gillings;D. Roy;K. Gaston
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文献类型：
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作者：
Robert A. Holland;F. Eigenbrod;P. Armsworth;B. Anderson;C. Thomas;A. Heinemeyer;S. Gillings;D. Roy;K. Gaston
为使土地利用政策的设计和实施考虑到人们从生态系统中获得的各种商品和服务，有必要了解单个服务的空间模式，多种服务如何相互关联，以及这些关系如何在空间尺度和地点之间变化。尽管淡水作为区域经济和人口形态的决定因素具有重要意义，但令人惊讶的是，很少有研究对与水环境质量有关的一系列服务的提供情况进行绘图。在这里，我们研究了英格兰和威尔士的河流水和相关栖息地质量指标、淡水生物多样性、三种陆地生态系统服务和陆地生物多样性之间的关系。结果表明，我们的淡水服务指标之间存在很强的关联。然而，将淡水服务的这些指标与周围陆地景观中其他生态系统服务（碳储存、农业生产、娱乐）和保护关注物种的生物多样性进行比较，没有显示出明确的关系。虽然英国高地地区淡水服务指标与碳储量之间的关联表明，保护多种服务存在潜在的政策“双赢”，但其他生态系统服务与淡水服务指标之间的关系要么为负，要么为零。我们还考虑了空间尺度对流域区域关系的影响。我们的研究结果表明，服务指标之间的关系可以根据社会压力和其他区域条件发生巨大变化。因此，提供多种生态系统服务需要制定区域战略，或考虑到区域差异的国家战略。
To inform the design and implementation of land-use policies that consider the variety of goods and services people derive from ecosystems, it is essential to understand spatial patterns of individual services, how multiple services relate to each other, and how these relationships vary across spatial scales and localities. Despite the importance of freshwater as a determinant of regional economic and human demographic patterns, there are surprisingly few studies that map the provision of a range of services associated with the quality of the aquatic environment. Here we examine relationships between indicators of riverine water and associated habitat quality, freshwater biodiversity, three terrestrial ecosystem services, and terrestrial biodiversity across England and Wales. The results indicate strong associations between our indicators of freshwater services. However, a comparison of these indicators of freshwater services with other ecosystem services (carbon storage, agricultural production, recreation) and biodiversity of species of conservation concern in the surrounding terrestrial landscape shows no clear relationships. While there are potential policy "win-wins" for the protection of multiple services shown by associations between indicators of freshwater services and carbon storage in upland areas of Britain, the other ecosystem services showed either negative or no relationships with the indicators of freshwater services. We also consider the influence that spatial scale has on these relationships using River Basin Districts. Our results indicate that relationships between indicators of services can change dramatically depending on the societal pressures and other regional conditions. Thus, the delivery of multiple ecosystem services requires the development of regional strategies, or of national strategies that take account of regional variation.