Recovery from brain injury in animals: relative efficacy of environmental enrichment, physical exercise or formal training (1990–2002)
Recovery from brain injury in animals: relative efficacy of environmental enrichment, physical exercise or formal training (1990–2002)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.001
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发表时间：
2004-02
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
B. Will;R. Galani;C. Kelche;M. Rosenzweig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Will;R. Galani;C. Kelche;M. Rosenzweig
在20世纪60年代，第一次证明了强化住房可以促进脑损伤后的功能恢复。在20世纪70年代和80年代，报道了许多与最初的发现相似的发现，大大扩大了它的普遍性。在过去的13年里，许多不同类型的脑损伤在动物身上进行了建模，甚至直接在人类身上进行了研究。总的来说，这些最近的研究证实了早期的发现，尽管偶尔有例外报道。其他主要在完整动物中获得的关键数据表明，丰富的住房增加了成年海马的神经发生。最近有证据表明，这种神经发生与海马体依赖性学习有关，支持了将富集效应解释为非正式学习经验积累的结果的原始解释（例如，[Rosenzweig et al., 1961]）。遗传、环境、大脑生化和学习。见：心理学理论的当前趋势。匹兹堡大学出版社，匹兹堡，第87-110页；Rosenzweig et al., 1972。大脑会对经历做出反应。科学。[j]。丰富环境的其他组成部分，如体育锻炼，可能会与训练产生叠加效应。丰富经验、体育锻炼和训练在结构和/或功能康复评估方面的相对有效性的比较表明，训练/学习通常比体育锻炼更有效，而丰富经验是一种比这两种其他治疗更有效的治疗方法。将丰富的经验与其他神经外科和/或神经药物治疗相结合，可以进一步提高其治疗效果。最后，其他最近的报告强调，治疗参数可能会改变，以接近临床/康复条件，但仍然有效。
In the 1960s, it was shown for the first time that enriched housing enhances functional recovery after brain damage. During the 1970s and 1980s, many findings similar to this initial one have been reported, enlarging greatly its generality. Over the last 13 years, many different kinds of brain damage were modelled in animals or even directly studied in humans. Overall, these recent studies corroborated earlier findings, although occasional exceptions were reported. Other critical data, obtained mainly in intact animals, showed that enriched housing increases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Recent evidence that this neurogenesis is involved in hippocampal-dependent learning supports the original interpretation of the enrichment effects as being the result of an accumulation of informal learning experiences (e.g., [Rosenzweig et al., 1961. Heredity, environment, brain biochemistry, and learning. In: Current Trends in Psychological Theory. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, pp. 87–110; Rosenzweig et al., 1972. Brain changes in response to experience. Sci. Am. 226, 22–29]). Other components of enriched environment, such as physical exercise, may have additive effects with those of training. The comparison of the relative effectiveness of enriched experience, of physical exercise and of training on structural and/or functional assessments of recovery, shows that training/learning is generally more effective than physical exercise and that enriched experience is a more potent therapy than either of these two other treatments. The combination of enriched experience with some other neurosurgical and/or neuropharmacological treatments may further improve its therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, other recent reports emphasize that the treatment parameters may be changed in order to approximate clinical/rehabilitation conditions and, nevertheless, remain effective.