Behind the Scenes of Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Review of Electroencephalography Signals, How They Are Recorded, and Why They Matter.
Behind the Scenes of Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Review of Electroencephalography Signals, How They Are Recorded, and Why They Matter.
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DOI：
10.1044/2019_pers-19-00059
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发表时间：
2019-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kevin M. Pitt;J. Brumberg;Jeremy D. Burnison;J. Mehta;Juhi Kidwai
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文献类型：
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作者：
Kevin M. Pitt;J. Brumberg;Jeremy D. Burnison;J. Mehta;Juhi Kidwai
目的脑机接口（BCI）技术可以为有严重身体障碍的个体提供计算机访问。然而，BCI控制的相对隐蔽性掩盖了BCI系统在幕后的工作方式，使得人们很难理解脑电图（EEG）如何记录BCI相关的大脑信号，EEG记录了哪些大脑信号，以及为什么这些信号是BCI控制的目标。此外，在语音-语言-听觉领域，针对BCI应用的信号一直是增强和替代交流（AAC）领域的临床医生和研究人员的主要兴趣。然而，用于BCI控制的信号反映了感觉、认知和运动过程，这是包括语音科学在内的一系列相关学科感兴趣的。方法本教程是由一个多学科的团队开发的，强调初级和次级BCI-AAC相关的信号感兴趣的语音-语言-听力。结果：对BCI-AAC相关信号进行了综述，讨论了1）BCI信号是如何通过EEG记录的，2）哪些信号是非侵入性BCI控制的目标，包括P300、感觉运动节律、稳态诱发电位、偶发负变和N400，以及3）为什么这些信号是目标。在教程创建过程中，注意帮助支持那些没有工程背景的人理解EEG和BCI。结论重点介绍BCI-AAC信号的引出和记录方式有助于提高对EEG和BCI技术的兴趣和熟悉程度，并为理解BCI-AAC设计和实现的关键原则提供框架。
Purpose Brain-computer interface (BCI) techniques may provide computer access for individuals with severe physical impairments. However, the relatively hidden nature of BCI control obscures how BCI systems work behind the scenes, making it difficult to understand how electroencephalography (EEG) records the BCI related brain signals, what brain signals are recorded by EEG, and why these signals are targeted for BCI control. Furthermore, in the field of speech-language-hearing, signals targeted for BCI application have been of primary interest to clinicians and researchers in the area of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, signals utilized for BCI control reflect sensory, cognitive and motor processes, which are of interest to a range of related disciplines including speech science. Method This tutorial was developed by a multidisciplinary team emphasizing primary and secondary BCI-AAC related signals of interest to speech-language-hearing. Results An overview of BCI-AAC related signals are provided discussing 1) how BCI signals are recorded via EEG, 2) what signals are targeted for non-invasive BCI control, including the P300, sensorimotor rhythms, steady state evoked potentials, contingent negative variation, and the N400, and 3) why these signals are targeted. During tutorial creation, attention was given to help support EEG and BCI understanding for those without an engineering background. Conclusion Tutorials highlighting how BCI-AAC signals are elicited and recorded can help increase interest and familiarity with EEG and BCI techniques and provide a framework for understanding key principles behind BCI-AAC design and implementation.