Spatiotemporal variation of agricultural patterns in different geomorphologic and climatic environments in the eastern Loess Plateau, north-central China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Ages
Spatiotemporal variation of agricultural patterns in different geomorphologic and climatic environments in the eastern Loess Plateau, north-central China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Ages
复制标题
中北部黄土高原东部新石器时代晚期和青铜时代不同地貌和气候环境下农业格局的时空变化
DOI：
10.1007/s11430-021-9879-x
复制
发表时间：
2022-03-17
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Dong, Guanghui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Haiming;Cui, Yifu;Dong, Guanghui
人类住区和农业发展与当地的地貌和气候环境密切相关。然而，农业系统在不同环境和史前背景下的差异仍然未知。本文报道了中国中北部壶沱河流域34个新石器时代和青铜器时代遗址的新的考古植物学和放射性碳年代，并与宿水河流域和河南省最新的考古植物学研究进行了比较，以探讨中国中北部不同地貌和气候环境下农业格局的异同。我们的结果表明，人类一直在苗地沟(6000-5700卡)的高铁上种植狐尾和高粱。A BP)至商州(3600-2256卡)。A BP)时期，尽管该地区大约在4000 BP左右引入了小麦和大麦。HTRV、SSRV和HNP部分地区的气候条件和丘陵地貌导致人们在7000到3000 a BP之间发展了狐尾草和高粱旱地耕作方式。或者，在HNP的其他地区，气候条件和冲积平原使人们能够发展7000到4000 BP的小米、大豆和大米的混合农业，以及4000到3000 BP的小麦。农民不同的农业技术和与外来文化的互动也可能影响了这三个地区在7000到3000年前不同农业模式的形成。7000-3000a BP的种群增长可以解释高产谷子而不是高粱作为主要种植作物的总体倾向。然而，在HTRV中，较高比例的高粱(与SSRV和HNP相比)可能反映了高粱更强的耐旱性和耐热性，代表了该流域的一种适应性农业战略。
Human settlement and agricultural development are closely linked to local geomorphological and climatic environments. However, the variation in agricultural systems in different environmental and prehistoric contexts remains unknown. We report new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon dates from 34 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Hutuo River Valley (HTRV) in north-central China and compare them with updated archaeobotanical studies in the Sushui River Valley (SSRV) and Henan Province (HNP), to explore the similarities and differences of agricultural patterns under different geomorphologic and climatic environments in north-central China. Our results reveal that humans consistently cultivated foxtail and broomcorn millet in the HTRV from the Miaodigou (6000–5700 cal. a BP) to the Shang-Zhou (3600–2256 cal. a BP) period, despite the introduction of wheat and barley into the area around 4000 a BP. Climate conditions and hilly landforms in the HTRV, SSRV and some parts of the HNP led people to develop foxtail and broomcorn millet dry land farming practices between 7000 and 3000 a BP. Alternatively, in other areas of the HNP, the climate conditions and alluvial plains enabled people to develop a mixed agriculture of millets, soybeans, and rice from 7000 to 4000 a BP, with the addition of wheat between 4000 and 3000 a BP. Farmers’ different agricultural technologies and interactions with foreign cultures may have also influenced the formation of different agricultural patterns in the three regions between 7000 and 3000 a BP. Population growth during 7000–3000 a BP can explain the overall propensity of the higher-yield foxtail millet rather than broomcorn millet as the main cultivated crop. In the HTRV, however, higher proportions of broomcorn millet (as compared to the SSRV and HNP), may reflect the greater drought and heat tolerance of broomcorn millet, representing an adaptive agricultural strategy in the river valley.