THE X-RAYS.
THE X-RAYS.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.3.67.562
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发表时间：
1896-04-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Daniel, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel, J
致《科学》编辑：在伦琴教授的论文发表后几天，由于有机会，我们实验室就用X射线进行了实验。当然，我们重复了大部分从可靠来源公布的实验;但我记得这里有一两个观察结果，我没有看到通知，并冒昧地向你的杂志提供帐户。我用了一个鲁姆科夫线圈和福柯断续器。大约两安培的电流从次级线圈通过，在次级线圈上产生大约六英寸的火花。对于管我用我的老克鲁克斯管之一。我发现最好的是梨形的，9英寸长，大端直径4英寸，小端有一个扁平的圆盘阴极，圆盘的平面垂直于管子的长度，阳极中间有一个马耳他十字架。十字架是铰接的，这样它就可以摇下来，从而不妨碍阴极辐射。该管是一个设计，在克鲁克斯集，以显示阴极辐射是直线，并会'投下阴影。“我曝光的第一个盘子是用这个管子，阳极的十字架向上，以便在管子的末端投下阴影。由于感光板离电子管很近，阳极的影子清晰地投射在上面，再把感光板放在六英寸远的地方重复实验，感光板上没有十字架的图像，相反，光线密集地照射在感光板上。这又增加了一个相当多的证据，证明X射线起源于玻璃的发光表面，而不是阴极。我想注意的第二个观察结果是一种非常简单而常见的方法，可以通过这些拒绝反射或折射的X射线获得清晰的图像。这是使用A。金属隔膜插在管子和敏感板之间。我找到了一个金属板，上面有一个直径为1英寸的圆孔，放在离管子半英寸的地方，管子离感光板6英寸，得到了非常令人满意的结果。1附有两个指纹，一个是手，一个是前臂的一部分，显示了三十年前枪伤的效果。打印展示
TO THE EDITOR OF SCIENCE: As opportunity offered experiments have been made in our laboratory with the X-rays since a few days after the appearance of Prof. Rontgen's paper. Of course, we have repeated most of the experiments that have beeln announced from trustworthy sources; butI recall one or two observations made here that I have not seen notice of, and take the liberty of offering theaccount to your journal. I use a Ruhmkorff coil with Foucault interrupter. About two amperes from accumulators, through the primary gives about six-inch spark in the secondary. Fora tube I have used one of my old Crookes tubes. The one I have found to work best is pear-shaped, nine inches long, four inchesin diameter at the larger end, with a flat disc cathode in the small end, set with the plane of the disc perpen-dicular to the length of the tube, and for anode it has a Maltese cross inserted about the middle. The cross is hinged so that it may be shaken down and thus not obstruct the cathode radia-tion. The tube is the one designed, in Crookes set, to show that the cathode radiation is in straight lines and will'cast a shadow.'The first plate I exposed was with this tube, the cross of the anode being upso as to cast a shadow in the end of the tube. The plate being close to the tube, a clear shadow of the anode was cast upon it. On repeating the experiment with the sensitive plate six inches distant, there was no image of the cross on the plate, which was, instead, densely'light struck I all over. This adds another to the quite numerous proofs that the X-rays originate at the phos-phorescent surface of the glass and niot at the cathode. The second observation I wish to notice is a perfectly simple and commonplace method of getting a sharp clear image by these X-rays, which refuse to be reflected or refracted. It is the use of a. metaldiaphragm interposed between the tube and the sensitive plate. I have found a metal plate with a circular hole one inch in diameter, placed half an inch from the tube, the tube being six inches from the sensi-tive plate to give very satisfactory results.** 1 enclose two prints, one of a hand and one of a part of the forearm, showing the effect of a gunshot wound made thirty years ago. The print showshow