The recovery time course of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in vivo and its implications in vitro.
The recovery time course of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in vivo and its implications in vitro.
复制标题
体内内皮细胞糖萼的恢复时间过程及其体外意义。
DOI：
10.1161/circresaha.108.191585
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发表时间：
2009-06-05
影响因子：
20.1
通讯作者：
Damiano, Edward R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Potter, Daniel R.;Jiang, John;Damiano, Edward R.
Compelling evidence continues to emerge suggesting that the glycocalyx surface layer on vascular endothelial cells plays a determining role in numerous physiological processes including inflammation, microvascular permeability, and endothelial mechanotransduction. Previous research has shown that enzymes degrade the glycocalyx, while inflammation causes shedding of the layer. To track the endogenous recovery of the glycocalyx in vivo, we used fluorescent micro-particle image velocimetry (µ-PIV) in mouse cremaster-muscle venules to estimate the hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx thickness 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after enzymatic or cytokine-mediated degradation of the layer. Results indicate that after acute degradation of the glycocalyx, 5–7 days are required for the layer to endogenously restore itself to its native hydrodynamically relevant thickness in vivo. In light of these findings, and since demonstrable evidence has emerged that standard cell-culture conditions are not conducive to providing the environment and/or cellular conditions necessary to produce and maintain a physiologically relevant cell-surface glycocalyx in vitro, we sought to determine if merely the passage of time would be sufficient to promote the production of a hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx on a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using µ-PIV, we found that the hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx was substantially absent 7 days post-confluence on HUVEC-lined cylindrical collagen microchannels maintained under standard culture conditions. Thus it remains to be determined how a hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx surface layer can be synthesized and maintained in culture before the endothelial-cell culture model can be used to elucidate glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms of endothelial-cell function.
