Amazon Basin Soils: Management for Continuous Crop Production
Amazon Basin Soils: Management for Continuous Crop Production
复制标题
亚马逊盆地土壤：作物连续生产管理
作者：
P. Sánchez;D. Bandy;J. Villachica;J. J. Nicholaides
已经开发出技术，可以在亚马孙河流域的一些酸性、贫瘠的土壤上连续生产一年生作物。在秘鲁的尤里马瓜斯进行的研究表明，如果投入适当的肥料，每年可生产三种谷物。在过去的8年里，在同一块地里收获了21种作物，平均每公顷年产7.8吨粮食。土壤性质随着连续耕作而不断改善。该技术已得到当地农民的验证，他们通常实行轮垦。经济解释表明，家庭农场年收入大幅增加，化学投入的投资回报率很高。其他有希望的土地使用替代办法包括低投入作物生产系统、在肥沃的冲积土壤上种植水稻以及在起伏地区种植牧场或农林。在人口压力严重的潮湿热带地区，稳定、持续的粮食作物生产是替代轮垦的一个有吸引力的办法。以高产方式管理的每一公顷土地，为满足粮食需求而砍伐更多热带森林的需要可能会减少。
Technology has been developed which permits continuous production of annual crops in some of the acid, infertile soils of the Amazon Basin. Studies in Yurimaguas, Peru, show that three grain crops can be produced annually with appropriate fertilizer inputs. Twenty-one crops have been harvested during the past 8� years in the same field, with an average annual production of 7.8 tons of grain per hectare. Soil properties are improving with continuous cultivation. The technology has been validated by local farmers, who normally practice shifting cultivation. Economic interpretations indicate large increases in annual family farm income and a high return on the investment of chemical inputs. Other promising land use alternatives include low-input crop production systems, paddy rice production in fertile alluvial soils, and pastures or agroforestry in rolling areas. Stable, continuous food crop production is an attractive alternative to shifting cultivation in humid tropical regions experiencing severe demographic pressures. For each hectare of land managed in a highly productive manner, there may be less need for clearing additional tropical forests to meet food demands.