Dwarfism and gigantism drive human-mediated extinctions on islands
Dwarfism and gigantism drive human-mediated extinctions on islands
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DOI：
10.1126/science.add8606
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
R. Rozzi;Mark V. Lomolino;Alexandra A. E. van der Geer;D. Silvestro;S. K. Lyons;P. Bover;J. Alcover;A. Benítez‐López;Cheng‐Hsiu Tsai;Masaki J. Fujita;Mugino O. Kubo;J. Ochoa;Matthew E. Scarborough;S. Turvey;Alexander Zizka;Jonathan M. Chase
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作者：
R. Rozzi;Mark V. Lomolino;Alexandra A. E. van der Geer;D. Silvestro;S. K. Lyons;P. Bover;J. Alcover;A. Benítez‐López;Cheng‐Hsiu Tsai;Masaki J. Fujita;Mugino O. Kubo;J. Ochoa;Matthew E. Scarborough;S. Turvey;Alexander Zizka;Jonathan M. Chase
长期以来，岛屿一直被认为是独特的进化舞台，导致了形态上不同的物种，如侏儒和巨人。我们通过整合过去2300万年来全球岛屿和古岛屿上1231个现存物种和350个灭绝物种的数据，评估了岛屿哺乳动物的体型进化可能如何加剧了它们的脆弱性，以及人类的到来是如何导致它们过去和正在灭绝的。我们发现，在最极端的岛屿矮星和巨人中，灭绝和濒危的可能性最高。现代人类的到来加剧了岛上哺乳动物的灭绝风险，使灭绝速度加快了10倍以上，导致这些岛屿进化的标志性奇迹几乎完全灭绝。描述进化竞技场岛屿通常包含独特的生态条件，可能导致不寻常的进化轨迹，如矮小的猛犸象和巨大的老鼠。Rozzi等人。从岛屿上观察现存和灭绝的物种，以确定这些进化的“怪胎”是否受到更大的威胁，并发现矮小和巨型物种都更有灭绝的风险。此外，人类的到来，无论是在过去还是现在，都加速了它们的灭绝。因此，岛屿的条件既产生了这些不寻常的物种，又保护了它们，至少在人类获得跨越海洋的能力之前是这样。-SNV岛上居住的侏儒和巨型哺乳动物特别容易灭绝，特别是在人类到来之后。
Islands have long been recognized as distinctive evolutionary arenas leading to morphologically divergent species, such as dwarfs and giants. We assessed how body size evolution in island mammals may have exacerbated their vulnerability, as well as how human arrival has contributed to their past and ongoing extinctions, by integrating data on 1231 extant and 350 extinct species from islands and paleo islands worldwide spanning the past 23 million years. We found that the likelihood of extinction and of endangerment are highest in the most extreme island dwarfs and giants. Extinction risk of insular mammals was compounded by the arrival of modern humans, which accelerated extinction rates more than 10-fold, resulting in an almost complete demise of these iconic marvels of island evolution. Description Evolutionary arenas Islands often contain distinctive ecological conditions that can lead to unusual evolutionary trajectories such as dwarf mammoths and giant rats. Rozzi et al. looked across extant and extinct species from islands to determine whether these evolutionary “oddities” were more threatened and found that both dwarf and giant species were more at risk for extinction. Further, the arrival of humans, both deep in the past and in the present, accelerated their extinction. Island conditions have thus both generated these unusual species and protected them, at least until humans acquired the ability to cross oceans. —SNV Island-dwelling dwarf and giant mammals are disproportionately susceptible to extinction, especially after human arrival.