Extracellular Vesicles: Composition, Biological Relevance, and Methods of Study
Extracellular Vesicles: Composition, Biological Relevance, and Methods of Study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biv084
复制
发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Lai, Charles P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaborowski, Mikolaj P.;Balaj, Leonora;Lai, Charles P.
胞外囊泡(EV)的释放，包括外体和微泡，是许多细胞类型所共有的一种现象，作为与其他细胞沟通的一种手段，也可能去除细胞内的内容物。EVS的货物包括它们起源的细胞的蛋白质、脂类、核酸和膜受体。释放到细胞外空间的EV可以进入体液，并有可能到达远处的组织。一旦被邻近和/或远端细胞摄取，EVS就可以转移功能货物，从而改变受体细胞的状态，从而促进生理和病理过程。在这篇文章中，我们将集中在BV的组成，摄取机制，以及它们对受体细胞的生物学效应。我们还将讨论已建立的和最近开发的用于研究EVS的方法，包括分离、定量、标记和成像方案，以及RNA分析。
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, is a phenomenon shared by many cell types as a means of communicating with other cells and also potentially removing cell contents. The cargo of EVs includes the proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane receptors of the cells from which they originate. EVs released into the extracellular space can enter body fluids and potentially reach distant tissues. Once taken up by neighboring and/or distal cells, EVs can transfer functional cargo that may alter the status of recipient cells, thereby contributing to both physiological and pathological processes. In this article, we will focus on BV composition, mechanisms of uptake, and their biological effects on recipient cells. We will also discuss established and recently developed methods used to study EVs, including isolation, quantification, labeling and imaging protocols, as well as RNA analysis.