Adopt, ignore, or kill? Male poison frogs adjust parental decisions according to their territorial status.
Adopt, ignore, or kill? Male poison frogs adjust parental decisions according to their territorial status.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep43544
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发表时间：
2017-03-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ringler M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ringler E;Barbara Beck K;Weinlein S;Huber L;Ringler M
在一些动物分类群中，已经报道了系统性地杀死无关的幼仔的情况。特别注意的是食肉动物和灵长类动物，其中杀精是雄性的性选择策略，以获得更多的女性交配伴侣。食人族必须确保避开自己的后代，只针对无关的年轻人。因此，决策规则需要调解父母和同类相食的行为。在这里，我们实验表明，男性毒蛙调整其父母的反应-照顾或杀幼-对无关的离合器根据其领土地位。雄性青蛙在它们的领地内遵循简单的规则“照顾任何一窝”，但在建立新的领地时立即转向同类相食。这表明，简单的认知规则可以调解复杂的行为，如父母的照顾，照顾和食人是对立的联系。非父母的杀婴是由领土线索介导的，大概是为了防止这种毒蛙的错误护理。因此，我们的研究结果提示父母决策的进化和因果方面的重新考虑，建议选择性杀婴无关的年轻人可能会成为适应时，风险和成本的误导护理高。
Systematic infanticide of unrelated young has been reported in several animal taxa. Particular attention has been given to carnivores and primates, where infanticide is a sexually selected strategy of males to gain increased access to female mating partners. Cannibals must ensure avoiding their own offspring and targeting only unrelated young. Therefore, decision rules are needed to mediate parental and cannibalistic behaviour. Here we show experimentally that male poison frogs adjust their parental responses – care or infanticide – towards unrelated clutches according to their territorial status. Male frogs followed the simple rule ‘care for any clutch’ inside their territory, but immediately switched to cannibalism when establishing a new territory. This demonstrates that simple cognitive rules can mediate complex behaviours such as parental care, and that care and cannibalism are antagonistically linked. Non-parental infanticide is mediated by territorial cues and presumably serves to prevent misdirected care in this poison frog. Our results thus prompt a re-consideration of evolutionary and causal aspects of parental decision making, by suggesting that selective infanticide of unrelated young may generally become adaptive when the risks and costs of misdirected care are high.