Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature.
Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature.
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DOI：
10.2196/22280
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发表时间：
2020-11-06
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Fantini MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Golinelli D;Boetto E;Carullo G;Nuzzolese AG;Landini MP;Fantini MP
COVID-19疫情有利于许多行业和整个社会的数字化转型。医疗保健组织通过迅速采用数字解决方案和先进技术工具来应对大流行的第一阶段。本综述旨在描述早期科学文献中报道的数字解决方案，以减轻COVID-19对个人和卫生系统的影响。我们对早期COVID-19相关文献（2020年1月1日至4月30日）进行了系统性综述，通过使用适当的术语检索MEDLINE和medRxiv，以查找使用数字技术应对疫情的相关文献。我们提取了研究特征，如论文标题、期刊和出版日期，并根据技术类型和患者需求对检索到的论文进行了分类。我们通过对患者需求与技术类型进行交叉分类，建立了一个评分标准。我们还提取了信息，并根据医疗保健系统目标，创新等级和可扩展性对所选文章报道的每种技术进行了分类。检索识别出269篇文章，其中124篇全文文章经过评估并在筛选后纳入综述。大多数选定的文章都涉及使用数字技术进行诊断，监测和预防。我们报告，这些数字解决方案和创新技术中的大多数都是为诊断COVID-19而提出的。特别是，在审查的文章中，我们确定了许多关于使用人工智能（AI）驱动工具诊断和筛查COVID-19的建议。数字技术对于预防和监控措施也很有用，例如追踪联系人的应用程序以及对互联网搜索和社交媒体使用的监控。较少的科学贡献涉及使用数字技术增强生活方式或患者参与。在诊断领域，与传统方法相结合的数字解决方案，例如基于成像和临床数据的基于AI的诊断算法，似乎很有前途。对于监控，数字应用程序已经证明了它们的有效性;然而，与隐私和可用性相关的问题仍然存在。对于其他患者需求，已经提出了几种解决方案，例如远程医疗或远程保健工具。这些工具早就有了，但这一历史时刻实际上可能有利于它们的最终大规模采用。值得利用危机提供的动力;还必须跟踪目前提出的数字解决方案，以在未来实施最佳做法和护理模式，并至少采用科学文献中提出的一些解决方案，特别是在国家卫生系统中，这些系统近年来被证明特别抵制数字过渡。
The COVID-19 pandemic is favoring digital transitions in many industries and in society as a whole. Health care organizations have responded to the first phase of the pandemic by rapidly adopting digital solutions and advanced technology tools. The aim of this review is to describe the digital solutions that have been reported in the early scientific literature to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and health systems. We conducted a systematic review of early COVID-19–related literature (from January 1 to April 30, 2020) by searching MEDLINE and medRxiv with appropriate terms to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to the pandemic. We extracted study characteristics such as the paper title, journal, and publication date, and we categorized the retrieved papers by the type of technology and patient needs addressed. We built a scoring rubric by cross-classifying the patient needs with the type of technology. We also extracted information and classified each technology reported by the selected articles according to health care system target, grade of innovation, and scalability to other geographical areas. The search identified 269 articles, of which 124 full-text articles were assessed and included in the review after screening. Most of the selected articles addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance, and prevention. We report that most of these digital solutions and innovative technologies have been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles, we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI)–powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are also useful for prevention and surveillance measures, such as contact-tracing apps and monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Fewer scientific contributions address the use of digital technologies for lifestyle empowerment or patient engagement. In the field of diagnosis, digital solutions that integrate with traditional methods, such as AI-based diagnostic algorithms based both on imaging and clinical data, appear to be promising. For surveillance, digital apps have already proven their effectiveness; however, problems related to privacy and usability remain. For other patient needs, several solutions have been proposed, such as telemedicine or telehealth tools. These tools have long been available, but this historical moment may actually be favoring their definitive large-scale adoption. It is worth taking advantage of the impetus provided by the crisis; it is also important to keep track of the digital solutions currently being proposed to implement best practices and models of care in future and to adopt at least some of the solutions proposed in the scientific literature, especially in national health systems, which have proved to be particularly resistant to the digital transition in recent years.
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