Composition and Function of Telomerase-A Polymerase Associated with the Origin of Eukaryotes.
Composition and Function of Telomerase-A Polymerase Associated with the Origin of Eukaryotes.
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DOI：
10.3390/biom10101425
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发表时间：
2020-10-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Fajkus J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schrumpfová PP;Fajkus J
参与基因组复制的典型DNA聚合酶不能完全复制线性染色体的物理末端，称为端粒。因此，染色体末端在每个细胞周期中缩短。端粒的维持需要端粒聚合酶--一种特异性RNA依赖性DNA聚合酶复合物，它携带自己的RNA模板，并利用逆转录机制将端粒重复序列添加到染色体末端。端粒酶的两个核心亚基催化端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）亚基和端粒酶RNA（TR）组分在30多年前在四膜虫中被快速连续地鉴定出来。从那时起，这两种端粒酶亚基已在各种生物体中被描述，包括酵母，哺乳动物，鸟类，爬行动物和鱼类。尽管植物中的端粒酶活性在25年前被描述，而TERT亚基在4年后才被描述，但我们小组直到最近才鉴定出真正的植物TR。本文就端粒酶的结构、组成和功能作一综述。此外，我们讨论了这种独特的RNA依赖的DNA聚合酶的起源和系统发育的分歧，作为早期真核生物进化的见证。具体而言，我们讨论了最近发现的TR组件在植物中，它的保护和它的结构特征的最新信息。
The canonical DNA polymerases involved in the replication of the genome are unable to fully replicate the physical ends of linear chromosomes, called telomeres. Chromosomal termini thus become shortened in each cell cycle. The maintenance of telomeres requires telomerase—a specific RNA-dependent DNA polymerase enzyme complex that carries its own RNA template and adds telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes using a reverse transcription mechanism. Both core subunits of telomerase—its catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit and telomerase RNA (TR) component—were identified in quick succession in Tetrahymena more than 30 years ago. Since then, both telomerase subunits have been described in various organisms including yeasts, mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Despite the fact that telomerase activity in plants was described 25 years ago and the TERT subunit four years later, a genuine plant TR has only recently been identified by our group. In this review, we focus on the structure, composition and function of telomerases. In addition, we discuss the origin and phylogenetic divergence of this unique RNA-dependent DNA polymerase as a witness of early eukaryotic evolution. Specifically, we discuss the latest information regarding the recently discovered TR component in plants, its conservation and its structural features.
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Trapp-Fragnet L;Marie-Egyptienne DT;Fakhoury J;Rasschaert D;Autexier C
通讯作者：
Autexier C
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Antosz, Wojciech;Pfab, Alexander;Grasser, Klaus D.
通讯作者：
Grasser, Klaus D.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Cairney CJ;Hoare SF;Daidone MG;Zaffaroni N;Keith WN
通讯作者：
Keith WN
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
BRYAN, TM;ENGLEZOU, A;REDDEL, RR
通讯作者：
REDDEL, RR
影响因子：
4
作者：
Brenner, CA;Wolny, YM;Cohen, J
通讯作者：
Cohen, J